Co2FeO4@rGO composite: Towards trifunctional water splitting in alkaline media

Development of efficient, low cost and multifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting to harvest hydrogen fuels is a challenging task, but the combination of carbon materials with transition metal-based compounds is providing a unique and attractive strategy. Herein, composite systems based on cobalt ferrite oxide-reduced graphene oxide (Co₂FeO₄) @(rGO) using simultaneous hydrothermal and chemical reduction methods have been prepared. The proposed study eliminates one step associated with the conversion of GO into rGO as it uses direct GO during the synthesis of cobalt ferrite oxide, consequently rGO based hybrid system is achieved in-situ significantly, the optimized Co₂FeO₄@rGO composite has revealed an outstanding multifunctional applications related to both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen counterpart (HER). Various metal oxidation states and oxygen vacancies at the surface of Co₂FeO₄@rGO composites guided the multifunctional surface properties. The optimized Co₂FeO₄@rGO composite presents excellent multifunctional properties with onset potential of 0.60 V for ORR, an overpotential of 240 mV at a 20 mAcm^?2 for OER and 320 mV at a 10 mAcm^?2 for HER respectively. Results revealed that these multifunctional properties of the optimized Co₂FeO₄@ rGO composite are associated with high electrical conductivity, high density of active sites, crystal defects, oxygen vacancies, and favorable electronic structure arisinng from the substitution of Fe for Co atoms in binary spinel oxide phase. These surface features synergistically uplifted the electrocatalytic properties of Co₂FeO₄@rGO composites. The multifunctional properties of the Co₂FeO₄@ rGO composite could be of high interest for its use in a wide range of applications in sustainable and renewable energy fields.     

Electrospun microporous gelatin–polycaprolactone blend tubular scaffold as a potential vascular biomaterial

The work reported involved the fabrication of an electrospun tubular conduit of a gelatin and polycaprolactone (PCL) blend as an adventitia‐equivalent construct. Gelatin was included as the matrix for increased biocompatibility with the addition of PCL for durability. This is contrary to most of the literature available for biomaterials based on blends of gelatin and PCL where PCL is the major matrix. The work includes the assiduous selection of key electrospinning parameters to obtain smooth bead‐free fibres with a narrow distribution of pore size and fibre diameter. Few reports elucidate the optimization of all electrospinning parameters to fabricate tubular conduits with a focus on obtaining homogeneous pores and fibres. This stepwise investigation would be unique for the fabrication of gelatin–PCL electrospun tubular constructs. The fabricated microfibrous gelatin–PCL constructs had pores of size ca 50–100 μm reportedly conducive for cell infiltration. The measured value of surface roughness of 57.99 ± 17.4 nm is reported to be favourable for protein adhesion and cell adhesion. The elastic modulus was observed to be similar to that of the tunica adventitia of the native artery. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility tests suggest safe applicability as a biomaterial. Minimal cytotoxicity was observed using MTT assay. Subcutaneous implantation of the scaffold demonstrated acute inflammation which decreased by day 15. The findings of this study could enable the fabrication of smooth bead‐free microfibrous gelatin–PCL tubular construct as viable biomaterial which can be included in a bilayer or a trilayer scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

抗盐降滤失剂SDX的研究与应用

介绍了抗盐降滤失剂SDX的合成方法与现场应用简况,评价了SDX的抗温、抗盐、防塌及配伍性能。试验结果表明,SDX能耐150℃以上的高温,可抗盐至饱和,具有良好的降滤失和抑制性能,与其它处理剂的配伍性好,适用于各种水基泥浆。     

无荧光防塌降失水剂KH－931的合成与性能

ＫＨ－９３１是以褐煤、丙烯酰胺、丙烯腈为原料制得的无荧光防塌降失水剂。本文简介了ＫＨ－９３１的合成条件，并对ＫＨ－９３１的防塌作用与降滤失作用进行了室内评定。实验结果表明，ＫＨ－９３１的防塌、降失水效果良好，并具有加量少、无荧光的特点。腐殖酸衍生物，降滤失剂，页岩抑制剂，多功能钻井液处理剂，荧光性，实验室研究     

Synergistic Effect of PVDF-Coated PCL-TCP Scaffolds and Pulsed Electromagnetic Field on Osteogenesis

Bone exhibits piezoelectric properties. Thus, electrical stimulations such as pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) and stimuli-responsive piezoelectric properties of scaffolds have been investigated separately to evaluate their efficacy in supporting osteogenesis. However, current understanding of cells responding under the combined influence of PEMF and piezoelectric properties in scaffolds is still lacking. Therefore, in this study, we fabricated piezoelectric scaffolds by functionalization of polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate (PCL-TCP) films with a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) coating that is self-polarized by a modified breath-figure technique. The osteoinductive properties of these PVDF-coated PCL-TCP films on MC3T3-E1 cells were studied under the stimulation of PEMF. Piezoelectric and ferroelectric characterization demonstrated that scaffolds with piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ = −1.2 pC/N were obtained at a powder dissolution temperature of 100 °C and coating relative humidity (RH) of 56%. DNA quantification showed that cell proliferation was significantly enhanced by PEMF as low as 0.6 mT and 50 Hz. Hydroxyapatite staining showed that cell mineralization was significantly enhanced by incorporation of PVDF coating. Gene expression study showed that the combination of PEMF and PVDF coating promoted late osteogenic gene expression marker most significantly. Collectively, our results suggest that the synergistic effects of PEMF and piezoelectric scaffolds on osteogenesis provide a promising alternative strategy for electrically augmented osteoinduction. The piezoelectric response of PVDF by PEMF, which could provide mechanical strain, is particularly interesting as it could deliver local mechanical stimulation to osteogenic cells using PEMF.     

基于LS-SVM的非线性多功能传感器信号重构方法研究

提出了基于最小二乘支持向量机(Least squares support vector machine, LS-SVM)的非线性多功能传感器信号重构方法. 不同于通常采用的经验风险最小化重构方法, 支持向量机(Support vector machine, SVM)是基于结构风险最小化准则的新型机器学习方法, 适用于小样本标定数据情况, 可有效抑制过拟合问题并改善泛化性能. 在SVM基础上, LS-SVM将不等式约束转化为等式约束, 极大地简化了二次规划问题的求解. 研究中通过L-折交叉验证实现调整参数优化, 在两种非线性情况下对多功能传感器的输入信号进行了重构, 实验结果显示重构精度分别达到0.154\%和1.146\%, 表明提出的LS-SVM重构方法具有高可靠性和稳定性, 验证了方法的有效性.     

带谐波补偿的T型三电平并网逆变器控制研究

为了提高光伏逆变器并网电流质量,鉴于有源滤波器的控制算法,提出了一种新型的带谐波补偿的T型三电平并网逆变器控制策略。首先,采用锁相环分析电网电压矢量相位角,并根据光伏阵列输出的功率计算光伏并网逆变器的基波输出电流。然后,通过自校正滤波器技术提取网侧负载谐波电流。最后,根据基波输出电流与负载谐波电流确定T型三电平光伏并网逆变器的开关导通序列。为验证该控制策略,搭建了基于Matlab/Simulink的仿真模型。仿真试验结果表明:该控制策略可有效改善网侧谐波电流,提高并网电流质量,在不增加设备的前提下实现光伏并网与有源滤波双重功能。该研究对于T型三电平逆变器在光伏并网及电能质量治理领域的推广应用具有重要价值。     

Bioinspired Nacre‐Like Ceramic with Nickel Inclusions Fabricated by Electroless Plating and Spark Plasma Sintering

Hybrid composites of layered brittle‐ductile constituents assembled in a brick‐and‐mortar architecture are promising for applications requiring high strength and toughness. Mostly, polymer mortars have been considered as the ductile layer in brick‐and‐mortar composites. However, low stiffness of polymers does not efficiently transfer the shear between hard ceramic bricks. Theoretical models point to metals as a more efficient mortar layer. However, infiltration of metals into ceramic scaffold is non‐trivial, given the low wetting between metals and ceramics. The authors report on an alternative approach to fabricate brick‐and‐mortar ceramic‐metal composites by using electroless plating of nickel (Ni) on alumina micro‐platelets, in which Ni‐coated micro‐platelets are subsequently aligned by a magnetic field, taking advantage of ferromagnetic properties of Ni. The assembled Ni‐coated ceramic scaffold is then sintered using spark plasma sintering (SPS) to locally create Ni mortar layers between ceramic platelets, as well as to sinter the ceramic micro‐platelets. The authors report on materials and mechanical properties of the fabricated composite. The results show that this approach is promising toward development of bioinspired ceramic‐metal composites.

     

天然生物可降解材料在生物医学领域中的应用

天然生物可降解材料具有优良的生物相容性，良好的生物力学功能、物理化学性能、生物性能．且原料来源广泛，目前在生物医学领域得到了广泛应用。本文就应用最广的丝素、胶原和壳聚糖与甲壳质等几种主要的可生物降解材料在医学上的用途作一综述。