15%联苯菊酯·氟啶虫酰胺悬浮剂防治桃蚜药效试验

为明确15%联苯菊酯·氟啶虫酰胺悬浮剂对桃蚜的田间防效,2017—2018年分别在河南、河北、辽宁3省的不同桃园进行了药效试验。结果表明,15%联苯菊酯·氟啶虫酰胺悬浮剂有效剂量为33.3~37.5 mg/L时对桃蚜防效很好,药后7、14 d的防效均在90%以上,对所有供试桃树安全。建议最好在春季桃蚜初发期至初盛期喷洒用药。     

Within-plant variation in concentrations of amino acids,sugar, and sinigrin in phloem sap of black mustard,Brassica nigra (L.) Koch (Cruciferae)

Although within-plant variation in the nutrient and allelochemical composition of phloem sap has been invoked to explain patterns of host use by phloem-feeding insects, little is known about within-plant variation in phloem chemistry. Here I describe a new technique in which I use the green peach aphid,Myzus persicae Sulz., to investigate within-plant variation in the concentrations of chemicals in the phloem sap of black mustard,Brassica nigra (L.) Koch (Cruciferae). Relationships between the concentrations of chemicals in aphid diets and honeydew were established using honeydew from aphids fed on artificial diets with known concentrations of amino acids, sucrose, and sinigrin. These relationships were applied to honeydew from aphids fed on different aged leaves of black mustard to estimate the concentrations of the chemicals in phloem sap. Sinigrin concentration was estimated to be high (>10 mM) in phloem sap in young leaves, calling into question the prevailing opinion that phloem sap contains only low concentrations of allelochemicals. High concentrations may function as defenses against sap-feeding herbivores. Within-plant variation in phloem sap composition was high: (1) young leaves had high concentrations of nutrients (216 mM amino acids, 26% sugar) and sinigrin (>10 mM); (2) mature and presenescent leaves had lower concentrations of nutrients (77–83 mM amino acids, 19–20% sugar) and low concentrations of sinigrin (1–2 mM); and (3) senescing leaves had high concentrations of nutrients (199 mM amino acids, 25% sugar) and low concentrations of sinigrin (3 mM).     

3种杀虫剂亚致死浓度胁迫对桃蚜扩散行为的影响

[目的]明确氟吡呋喃酮、氟啶虫胺腈和环氧虫啶亚致死浓度作用下桃蚜的扩散行为.[方法]实验室条件下测定3种杀虫剂对桃蚜的相对生物活性,并开展各药剂亚致死浓度对桃蚜扩散能力影响研究.[结果]"杀虫剂种类"和"作用时间"是影响桃蚜扩散行为的主要因素;氟吡呋喃酮LC10和LC30处理桃蚜2 h,其扩散率分别为12.38％和36...     

马尔可夫链在烟蚜发生程度预测中的应用

根据山东青州1987-2000年烟蚜发生程度的历史资料,应用马尔可夫链分析方法对2001-2003年的烟蚜发生程度进行预测,预测准确度为83.33%,对1990-2000年的发生程度进行回测,历史符合率为81.82%.该方法简单易行,为烟蚜发生程度的长期预测提供了一条新途径.     

Activity of drimane antifeedants and related compounds against aphids,and comparative biological effects and chemical reactivity of (−)- and (+)-polygodial

A series of natural drimanes and related synthetic compounds was tested for antifeedant activity against aphids. Polygodial and warburganal were the most active. The synthetic compounds methyl 9-hydroxydrimenoate and 9-hydroxydrimenal, although active against lepidopteran larvae, were inactive against aphids. Natural (–)-polygodial and the synthetic (+) isomer showed similar levels of activity as aphid antifeedants and in phytotoxicity, fish toxicity, and human taste tests, but reacted at different rates with enantiomers of 1-phenylethylamine.     

不同晒红烟品种对烟蚜［Myzus persicae（Sulzer）］生殖和死亡的影响

在１２个晒红烟品种（泉烟等）和２个烤烟品种ＮＣ８９（对照品种）及红花大金元的盆栽试验中，用微笼研究了烟蚜的生命表以了解生殖力和死亡率．并对某些种群参数作出统计分析。饲养条件为２０．０℃—３１．１℃．相对湿度为７２％－９２％。获得了以下参数：净生殖率（Ｒ０），内禀增殖力（ｒｍ），平均世代历期（Ｔ）（ｄ）及周限增长率（λ）。表明烟蚜在４个品种上（ＮＣ８９、红花大金元、剑叶子、安８８）发生数量较少，而在３个品种上发生多（大花＞柳叶子＞小花青）。方差分析表明，生殖力及死亡率在品种间均有显著差异。     

Effect of the Presence of a Nonhost Herbivore on the Response of the Aphid Parasitoid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Diaeretiella rapae</Emphasis> to Host-infested Cabbage Plants

The vast majority of studies of plant indirect defense strategies have considered simple tritrophic systems that involve plant responses to attack by a single herbivore species. However, responses by predators and parasitoids to specific, herbivore-induced, volatile blends could be compromised when two or more different herbivores are feeding on the same plant. In Y-tube olfactometer studies, we investigated the responses of an aphid parasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), to odors from cabbage plants infested with the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae), in both the presence and absence of a lepidopteran caterpillar, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Female parasitoids chose aphid-infested plants over uninfested plants but did not distinguish between caterpillar-infested and uninfested plants. When given a choice between odors from an aphid-infested plant and those from a plant infested with diamondback moth larvae, they significantly chose the former. Furthermore, the parasitoids responded equally to odors from a plant infested with aphids only and those from a plant infested with both aphids and caterpillars. The results support the hypothesis that the aphid and the caterpillar induce different changes in the volatile profile of cabbage plants and that D. rapae females readily distinguish between the two. Furthermore, the changes to the plant volatile profile induced by the caterpillar damage did not hinder the responses of the parasitoid to aphid-induced signals.     

40%氯噻啉水分散粒剂防治烟蚜田间药效试验

为验证40%氯噻啉水分散粒剂对烟田烟蚜的防治效果,进行了田间药效试验。试验结果表明,40%氯噻啉水分散粒剂对烟蚜有较好的防治效果,药后第10d供试3个剂量的防效为89.83%～96.40%,各处理间无显著性差异。40%氯噻啉水分散粒剂用于防治烟田蚜虫的适宜用量为18.75g/hm2(有效成分),持效期为10d左右。     

烟蚜与烟蚜茧峰相互关系研究

研究结果表明，烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜呈典型的Holling－Ⅱ型功能反应，参数a＝3．698／罩·天．Th＝0．0174天；该蜂对烟蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响因被寄生时蚜虫龄期不同而异，而蜂幼虫的发育不受寄生时蚜虫龄期的影响。当1～2龄蚜虫被寄生时，一般不能发育到成蚜期产蚜：从2龄中期起，蚜虫的生殖力和种群内禀增长率rm随着被寄生蚜虫龄期的增大而上升。由此可见，被寄生时蚜虫虫龄大小对蚜茧蜂寄生效果起着决定性的作用，寄生时蚜虫龄期越大，寄生作用越不明显。     

13.2％敌·溴烟剂防治温室两种蚜虫药效试验

试验结果表明13.2％敌·溴烟剂对温室棉蚜和桃蚜均有较好的防治效果,适宜用药量分别为90～110ga.i./hm2和110～130ga.i./hm2,持效期均为7天。