吡虫啉防治水稻褐飞虱

吡虫啉对水稻褐飞虱有特效，每亩用１０％可湿性粉剂１０￣１５克，防效９５％左右，持效期４０天以上，显著优于噻嗪酮。适宜施药技术：于褐飞虱主害代前一代初龄若虫高峰期，亩用吡虫啉有效剂量１￣１．５克喷雾。     

吡蚜酮与异丙威复配对褐飞虱的增效作用和田间防治

室内生测结果表明:吡蚜酮与异丙威质量比为1∶2,对褐飞虱3龄若虫具有较高的生物活性,其LC50值为11.01 mg/L,共毒系数为166.65,表现出明显的增效作用;按此配比加工成30%吡蚜·异丙威WP(有效成分:吡蚜酮10%、异丙威20%).田间防治结果表明:该混剂对褐飞虱表现出良好的速效性和持效性.药后3 d,30%吡蚜·异丙威WP 450～600 g/hm2对褐飞虱若虫的防治效果为90.83%～94.94%,药后21 d,30%吡蚜·异丙威WP 450～600 g/hm2对褐飞虱若虫的防治效果仍有87.60%～89.32%,均好于对照药剂吡蚜酮、异丙威对褐飞虱的防治效果.从防效和经济的角度考虑,30%吡蚜·异丙威WP推荐剂量为450 g/hm2,防治适期宜在褐飞虱若虫高峰期.     

Effect of steam distillate extract of resistant wild riceOryza officinalis on behavior of brown planthopperNilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Homoptera: Delphacidae)

Rice plant volatiles extracted as steam distillates significantly affected the behavior of the brown planthopperNilaparvata lugens (Stal). In a choice test, significantly more females settled and fed on tillers of a susceptible rice variety, Taichung Native 1 (TN 1), sprayed with acetone or untreated TN 1 plants than on TN 1 tillers sprayed with the extracts of resistant wild riceOryza officinalis. O. officinalis steam distillate was highly toxic to first-instar nymphs ofN. lugens. Ingestion and assimilation of food by females was significantly reduced on TN 1 plants sprayed withO. officinalis distillate compared to TN 1 plants sprayed with acetone. Application of0. officinalis distillate on TN 1 plants adversely affected hatchability of eggs ofN. lugens.     

共生菌在褐飞虱防治中的应用

褐飞虱（Nilaparvata lugens stal）体内类酵母共生菌在褐飞虱的生长、繁殖和抗药性的产生中起着重要作用。系统总结了国内外相关研究结果,分析讨论了共生菌研究在褐飞虱防治中的应用前景、可行性及存在的问题等,旨在为深入开展“抑菌防虫”研究提供参考。     

Isolation ofC-glycosylflavones as probing stimulant of planthoppers in rice plant

Three species of planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens,Sogatella furcifera, andLaodelphax striatellus, showed characteristic behavior of stylet probing in parenchymal tissues of plants. Feeding experiments of planthoppers on aqueous sucrose solution containing the extract of rice plants or barnyard grass revealed the presence of the stimulant for the probing behavior in the plant tissues. EightC-glycosylflavones which stimulated stylet probing were isolated from rice plants. Four of them were identified to be schaftoside, neoschaftoside, carlinoside, and neocarlinoside, the last one being a new compound isolated from the plant. The isolatedC-glycosylflavones showed the same level of the activity for the probing ofN. lugens as the rice plant extract only when all of them were combined.     

Exogenous Application of Jasmonic Acid Induces Volatile Emissions in Rice and Enhances Parasitism of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nilaparvata lugens</Emphasis> Eggs by theParasitoid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anagrus nilaparvatae</Emphasis>

Jasmonate signaling pathway plays an important role in induced plant defense against herbivores and pathogens, including the emission of volatiles that serve as attractants for natural enemies of herbivores. We studied the volatiles emitted from rice plants that were wounded and treated with jasmonic acid (JA) and their effects on the host-searching behavior of the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), and its mymarid egg parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae Pang et Wang. Female adults of N. lugens significantly preferred to settle on JA-treated rice plants immediately after release. The parasitoid A. nilaparvatae showed a similar preference and was more attracted to the volatiles emitted from JA-treated rice plants than to volatiles from control plants. This was also evident from greenhouse and field experiments in which parasitism of N. lugens eggs by A. nilaparvatae on plants that were surrounded by JA-treated plants was more than twofold higher than on control plants. Analyses of volatiles collected from rice plants showed that JA treatment dramatically increased the release of volatiles, which included aliphatic aldehydes and alcohols, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, methyl salicylate, n-heptadecane, and several as yet unidentified compounds. These results confirm an involvement of the JA pathway in induced defense in rice plants and demonstrate that the egg parasitoid A. nilaparvatae exploits plant-provided cues to locate hosts. We explain the use of induced plant volatiles by the egg parasitoid by a reliable association between planthopper feeding damage and egg presence.     

两种氟虫双酰胺复配制剂对水稻稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果

对两种氟虫双酰胺复配制剂防治水稻稻纵卷叶螟进行了试验,并考查了其对稻飞虱发生的影响。田间试验结果表明,48%氟虫双酰胺.噻虫啉SC 30、60、120 g/hm2处理防治水稻稻纵卷叶螟的保叶效果为94.28%～98.46%,杀虫效果为96.90%～100%;10%氟虫双酰胺.阿维菌素SC 22.5、45 g/hm2处理的保叶效果为89.39%～96.63%,杀虫效果为91.73%～94.62%。两种药剂使用后,稻飞虱发生量较空白对照降低20.08%～46.91%。两种氟虫双酰胺复配制剂对稻纵卷叶螟具有良好的防治效果,对后期稻飞虱的发生有一定的抑制效果。     

Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers in Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål)

Brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) is an economically important pest on rice. In this study, 30 polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed from N. lugens genomic libraries using the method of Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequence Containing Repeats (FIASCO). Polymorphism of each locus was detected in 48 individuals from two natural populations. These microsatellite loci revealed 2 to 18 alleles, and the expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.042 to 0.937 and from 0.042 to 0.958, respectively. These markers will be useful for the future study of this agricultural pest in population genetics and molecular genetics.     

苦杏仁酸对褐飞虱取食行为影响的刺探电位测试分析

应用刺探电位图谱(EPG)技术研究了在液态人工饲料中褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)口针的刺探行为,对出现的波形进行了定义,从各波形占总时间的比率、各波形的平均时间、能够产生N2波和E波的个体比例等方面进一步研究和分析了褐飞虱在不同质量浓度苦杏仁酸-蔗糖取食液中的取食行为,并应用铷元素标记法验证了EPG结果.结果表明,褐飞虱取食液态人工饲料主要出现5种波形,即N1波、N2波、N3波、E波以及非刺探波np波.在苦杏仁酸质量浓度为1.0 mg/ml时,褐飞虱取食的路径波(N2波)持续时间由空白对照的22.85 min显著延长到64.65 min,占总时间比率由对照组的10%上升至25%,而取食波(E波)缩短为9.75 min,占总时间比率由对照组的37%下降至4%,E波出现的频率由对照组100%下降至42%.苦杏仁酸对褐飞虱具有一定的拒食效果,随苦杏仁酸质量浓度的升高拒食效果更为明显,铷元素标记法测定的结果与EPG检测的E波结果基本一致,证实了EPG检测结果的可靠性.     

Characterization of MicroRNAs Associated with Reproduction in the Brown Planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens

Insects have a robust capacity to produce offspring for propagation, and the reproductive events of female insects have been achieved at the molecular and physiological levels via regulatory gene pathways. However, the roles of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in the reproductive development of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, remain largely unexplored. To understand the roles of miRNAs in reproductive development, miRNAs were identified by Solexa sequencing in short-winged (SW) female adults of BPH. Small RNA libraries derived from three developmental phases (1 day, 3 days, and 5 days after emergence) were constructed and sequenced. We identified 905 miRNAs, including 263 known and 642 novel miRNAs. Among them, a total of 43 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the three developmental phases, and 14,568 putative targets for 43 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were predicted by TargetScan and miRanda. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the predicted miRNA targets illustrated the putative roles for these DEMs in reproduction. The progress events were annotated, including oogenesis, lipid biosynthetic process, and related pathways such as apoptosis, ABC transporters, and amino acid metabolism. Four highly abundant DEMs (miR-9a-5p, miR-34-5p, miR-275-3p, and miR-317-3p) were further screened, and miR-34-5p was confirmed to be involved in the regulation of reproduction. Overexpression of miR-34-5p via injecting its mimics reduced fecundity and decreased Vg expression. Moreover, target genes prediction for miR-34-5p showed they might be involved in 20E signaling cascades, apoptosis, and gonadal development, including hormone receptor 4 (HR4), caspase-1 (Cp-1), and spermatogenesis-associated protein 20 (SPATA20). These findings provide a valuable resource for future studies on the role of miRNAs in BPH reproductive development.