Trajectories of knowledge economy in SSA and MENA countries

In the first critical assessment of knowledge economy dynamic paths in Africa and the Middle East, but for a few exceptions, we find overwhelming support for diminishing cross-country disparities in knowledge-based economy dimensions. The paper employs all the four components of the World Bank's Knowledge Economy Index (KEI): economic incentives, innovation, education, and information infrastructure. The main finding suggests that sub-Saharan African (SSA) and the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries with low levels of KE dynamics and catching-up their counterparts of higher KE levels. We provide the speeds of integration and time necessary to achieve full (100%) integration. Policy implications are also discussed.     

The status of and opportunities for utility-scale battery storage in Australia: A regulatory and market perspective

Australia's electricity market is rapidly adding renewable energy generation. Utility-scale batteries could have a major role in facilitating these transitions; however, their deployment is still largely state-subsidized. We summarize the current and future roles for batteries from a legal-economic perspective in the context of Australia's electricity market framework. We find that the future of batteries in Australia is not only a function of the large-scale deployment of renewables, their cost development and the comparative future cost of competing gas turbines but also of national electricity market and state policy reforms focusing on reliability.     

风机主轴锻件锻后热处理工艺优化

通过对42CrMo4风机主轴结构尺寸、性能要求、材质特点等方面进行分析,对原有锻后热处理工艺进行优化,制定出既能达到锻后热处理效果又经济节能的工艺参数。     

Accuracy of wind energy forecasts in Great Britain and prospects for improvement

The metric representing the wind energy forecast error, when reported as a percent, is calculated quite differently than the error metrics for electricity transmission, electricity load, or in other industries such as manufacturing when they are also reported as a percent. The resulting calculated metric is quite different from what would be reported if the method utilized elsewhere was employed. This paper examines the possible forecast assessment and operational challenges associated with this finding. Concerning the prospects for improvement, the errors reported in MW of energy have a systematic component. With this insight, we developed a model to improve accuracy.     

乌苏里江流域TRMM降水数据精度评价与修正

将地面站点观测的降水数据作为基准降水数据,评估汛期热带降雨观测计划(TRMM)降水产品3B42研究型数据(V7)与实时降水数据(RT)的日以及月尺度数据在黑龙江省乌苏里江流域的时空精度。结果表明:在时间尺度上,TRMM 3B42V7与3B42RT的日降水数据与站点降水数据相比,均系统性偏小,且相关性不是很好;相对而言,3B42RT与站点数据的偏差程度较小,相关性较好;月尺度数据与日尺度数据相比,月数据精度均有很大提高,且2种产品数据精度相差不大;在空间尺度上,TRMM 3B42V7和3B42RT都能较好地展现乌苏里江流域降水的空间分布特征。针对评估结果,使用加法和乘法模型对TRMM 3B42V7和3B42RT的月降水数据进行修正。修正后,2种TRMM卫星降水产品的月降水数据精度均有提高,并且加法模型修正效果更好。因此,可选取加法模型修正后的3B42RT月尺度降水数据用于汛期乌苏里江流域的相关水文研究。     

SO4^2—／TiO2固体超强酸的比表面研究

用BET法研究了SO4^2-／TiO2在不同H2SO4溶液浓度、不同浸泡时间及不同焙烧温度时比表面的变化情况，并用指示剂测定了酸强度。     

稀土改性固体超强酸催化剂SO42-/TiO2-La2O3的制备及其催化性能

制备了稀土改性固体超强酸SO24-/TiO2-La2O3环境友好催化剂,并以丁酸丁酯的合成作为探针反应,系统考察了原料摩尔比n（La3＋）∶n（Ti4＋）、硫酸浸渍时间、焙烧温度、活化时间等制备条件对SO24-/TiO2-La2O3催化活性的影响.实验表明：制备催化剂的适宜条件是原料摩尔比n（La3＋）∶n（Ti4＋）=1∶34,浸渍浓度为0.8 mol.L-1,浸渍时间为24 h,焙烧温度为480℃,活化时间3 h.利用优化条件下制备的催化剂SO24-/TiO2-La2O3催化合成缩醛（酮）,在醛/酮与二元醇（乙二醇,1,2-丙二醇）的投料摩尔比为1∶1.5,催化剂的用量占反应物总投料质量的0.5%,反应时间为1 h条件下,10种缩醛（酮）的产率为41.4%～95.8%.     

42CrMo钢液相等离子碳氮共渗工艺研究

本文以乙醇胺、氯化钾、氯化铵的水溶液为电解液,用液相等离子电解技术对42CrMo钢进行碳氮共渗工艺进行研究。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜（SEM）、电子能谱（EDS）、对处理试样表面形貌和渗层进行观察和分析,并对渗层硬度通过显微硬度计进行测试。结果表明：利用液相等离子电解技术可以实现42CrMo钢的碳氮共渗,渗层厚度可以达到60μm,渗层硬度可以达到537 HV,基本达到基体硬度的2倍。     

大型42 CrM oS4圆钢锻材的淬火工艺优化

对大型42 CrMoS4圆钢锻材淬火出现粗晶、魏氏组织的原因进行分析表明,冷却方式及淬火介质是产生组织缺陷的主要原因。优化淬火工艺可以有效改善组织、细化晶粒和提高力学性能,满足生产技术要求。     

修边模具堆焊工艺的研究

修边模具堆焊工艺是以42CrMo为基体,通过在刃口部位堆焊高硬度合金钢制造修边模,代替传统的修边模制造工艺。分析了工艺参数对堆焊层金相组织、堆焊层硬度及耐磨性的影响,选取了适当的工艺参数并给出了堆焊法制造冷冲模的工艺要点。堆焊层金属及过渡区无气孔、裂纹等缺陷,堆焊的刃口平均硬度在57.5HRC以上,焊缝成形良好并具有很高的耐磨性能。并实际堆焊制造了修边模具,现场应用表明,堆焊层不脱落,寿命达到或超过传统工艺制造的修边模。该工艺对于修复其它冷作模具也具有很好的应用前景。