Companies

Net earnings after pre-tax profits. Profiles include: Anadarko Petroleum, Chevron Texaco, Conoco Phillips, Exxon Mobil, Occidental, Schlumberger, YPF SA, EnCana Corporation, Imperial Oil, Petroleo Brasileiro, Total SA, E.ON, ENI, Repsol, Ecopetrol SA, Norsk Hydro, Statoil, Devon Energy Corporation. BP, Shell, BHP Billiton, CNOOC, Sinopec and PetroChina. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Genetic diversity by AFLP analysis within Jatropha curcas L. populations in the State of São Paulo,Brazil

The genetic diversity of 5 populations of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae), a species cultivated in tropical countries and used in biodiesel production, was analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Plants from distinct populations found in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, had their genetic diversity characterized by using three primer combinations. The number of polymorphic bands obtained reached 184 and the base pair length of bands ranged from 75 to 350, with average PIC values of 0.418. Accessions from the Aguas de Santa Barbara population presented the highest percentage of polymorphic loci (89.76%), followed by the populations of Catanduva (84.24%), Jales (80.98%), Jurucê (78.80%) and Taquaritinga (70.65%). Plants collected from the populations of Taquaritinga and Jales presented the smallest and highest genetic diversities, respectively, measured by using both Nei's genetic variability index (h = 0.2242 and 0.2973) and Shannon's index (I = 0.3359 and 0.4319). The results obtained indicated that 73.1% of genetic variability corresponds to intrapopulational variation and 26.8% to variation among populations. The clustering dendrogram using Jacquard showed four clusters. Three clusters with low genetic diversity grouped most of individuals collected in distinct regions (63.3% JU, 47.0% JA and 82.5% TA) and the fourth with the higher genetic diversity was composed with basically individuals collected in CA and AS, but it also had samples collected in JU, JA and TA, where it is possible to select individuals to be included in breeding programs.     

Prediction of methane adsorption content in continental coal-bearing shale reservoir using SLD model

Shale gas, as an important unconventional resource, has drawn global attention. It is mainly composed of adsorption gas and free gas. Adsorption gas content could play an important guiding role on both the selection of favorable perspective area and the exploration and exploitation of shale gas resources. In order to accurately measure adsorption gas content, a new approach was established to predict the adsorption isotherm of methane on shale. Based on the simplified local-density (SLD) method, both the adsorption isotherms of illite, illite/smectite mixed-layer, cholorite and type III kerogen and the total shale rock could be well fitted. The fitting results show good coincidences with the true experimental test data, which proves the method is reasonable and dependable and the prediction results are effective and credible. In addition, the good simulation results show that the SLD parameters can reflect the pore structure characteristics and corresponding adsorption characteristics of the shale samples, which can be used for the quantitative characterization of shale pore system.     

致密油藏注天然气提高采收率研究现状

随着我国石油需求量不断增加,致密油藏的开发也愈发重要。如何高效开发致密油藏是一项重点难点,其中致密油藏注天然气提高采收率是一个极具潜力的研究方向。因此,本文着重介绍以天然气作为能量补充介质在国内外的研究现状和应用现状,并且从两相特征等方面总结了理论研究中的一些机理,对致密油藏注天然气提高采收率的发展前景进行了一定的展望。     

土壤中石油污染物的脱附过程

文章中主要采用有机溶剂萃取法（OSE）对高浓度石油污染土壤进行修复，经过精馏操作，有效回收原油，建立脱附等温曲线，研究了石油污染物在土壤-有机溶剂两相间的迁移规律。     

PETROLEUM POTENTIAL, THERMAL MATURITY AND THE OIL WINDOW OF OIL SHALES AND COALS IN CENOZOIC RIFT BASINS, CENTRAL AND NORTHERN THAILAND

Oil shales and coals occur in Cenozoic rift basins in central and northern Thailand. Thermally immature outcrops of these rocks may constitute analogues for source rocks which have generated oil in several of these rift basins. A total of 56 oil shale and coal samples were collected from eight different basins and analysed in detail in this study. The samples were analysed for their content of total organic carbon (TOC) and elemental composition. Source rock quality was determined by Rock‐Eval pyrolysis. Reflected light microscopy was used to analyse the organic matter (maceral) composition of the rocks, and the thermal maturity was determined by vitrinite reflectance (VR) measurements. In addition to the 56 samples, VR measurements were carried out in three wells from two oil‐producing basins and VR gradients were constructed. Rock‐Eval screening data from one of the wells is also presented. The oil shales were deposited in freshwater (to brackish) lakes with a high preservation potential (TOC contents up to 44.18 wt%). They contain abundant lamalginite and principally algal‐derived fluorescing amorphous organic matter followed by liptodetrinite and telalginite (Botryococcus‐type). Huminite may be present in subordinate amounts. The coals are completely dominated by huminite and were formed in freshwater mires. VR values from 0.38 to 0.47%R_o show that the exposed coals are thermally immature. VR values from the associated oil shales are suppressed by 0.11 to 0.28%R_o. The oil shales have H/C ratios >1.43, and Hydrogen Index (HI) values are generally >400 mg HC/g TOC and may reach 704 mg HC/ gTOC. In general, the coals have H/C ratios between about 0.80 and 0.90, and the HI values vary considerably from approximately 50 to 300 mg HC/gTOC. The HI_max of the coals, which represent the true source rock potential, range from ～160 to 310 mg HC/g TOC indicating a potential for oil/gas and oil generation. The steep VR curves from the oil‐producing basins reflect high geothermal gradients of ～62°C/km and ～92°C/km. The depth to the top oil window for the oil shales at a VR of ～0.70%R_o is determined to be between ～1100 m and 1800 m depending on the geothermal gradient. The kerogen composition of the oil shales and the high geothermal gradients result in narrow oil windows, possibly spanning only ～300 to 400 m in the warmest basins. The effective oil window of the coals is estimated to start from ～0.82 to 0.98%R_o and burial depths of ～1300 to 1400 m (～92°C/km) and ～2100 to 2300 m (～62°C/km) are necessary for efficient oil expulsion to occur.     

泥页岩井壁稳定研究及在临盘地区的应用

从岩石力学和物理化学两个主要因素简要分析了井壁失稳的机理，指出泥页岩井壁失稳是由力学与化学两方面因素共同作用的结果。钻井液与泥页岩存在化学势差，并改变了井壁附近的孔隙压力，降低岩石强度。借助于井壁处有效应力的变化,将泥页岩与钻井液相互作用时页岩水化所产生的力学效应与纯力学效应结合起来，计算出任意井斜方位井眼围岩应力状态，利用测井资料求出有关岩石力学参数和Mohr Couloumb准则，计算得出防塌的临界钻井液密度。     

油气集输站场生活污水土地处理技术

通过对土地处理系统的介绍，结合油气站场污水的特点，分析了不同土地处理技术在实际中的设置情况和方式，给出一般的面积计算方法和结果，总结了土地处理的技术特点和应用前景。     

气测录井定量快速色谱分析技术

为了推动气测录井定量快速色谱分析技术在钻井现场广泛应用,该文从定量快速色谱与常规色谱的比较入手,在阐述定量快速色谱仪工作原理的基础上,探讨了定量快速色谱技术三个方面的优势——薄油气层的发现与评价、快速钻进条件下发现油气层以及加入钻井液添加剂条件下识别真假油气显示。相信随着定量快速色谱分析技术的应用,油气层发现与评价的准确率会得到很大提高。     

哈得4联合站技术改造

位于塔克拉玛干大沙漠腹地的哈得4油田,2004年成为全国最大的沙漠油田,2005年产量达到200×104t。在对联合站存在问题逐一分析的基础上,提出了技术改造的措施。现场采集的运行数据表明技术改造效果明显,增强了流程可靠性,提高了自动化水平,降低了能耗。