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1.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics were investigated over a two year period in the Upper Rhǒne River to examine the role of side-arms in providing DOC to the main channel in relation to discharge fluctuations, especially floods. Concentrations of DOC are shown to remain low in space and in time (average 1.5 mg ?1) and to be more related to global hydrological events (precipitation) than to any local flushing for backwaters during floods. The results do not support the general assumption that side-arms are the providers of DOC to the main channel. 相似文献
2.
Organic conductor is a kind of organic compound which has special electronic and magnetic properties. The research of the organic compounds has received considerable attention because of their potential applications in many areas. The molecular conductive units are theoretically investigated as well as their energy gap and charge distribution. The relationship of conductivity and micro-mechanism is discussed. 相似文献
3.
H.J. Bolink E. Coronado D. Repetto M. Sessolo E.M. Barea J. Bisquert G. Garcia‐Belmonte J. Prochazka L. Kavan 《Advanced functional materials》2008,18(1):145-150
A new type of bottom‐emission electroluminescent device is described in which a metal oxide is used as the electron‐injecting contact. The preparation of such a device is simple. It consists of the deposition of a thin layer of a metal oxide on top of an indium tin oxide covered glass substrate, followed by the solution processing of the light‐emitting layer and subsequently the deposition of a high‐workfunction (air‐stable) metal anode. This architecture allows for a low‐cost electroluminescent device because no rigorous encapsulation is required. Electroluminescence with a high brightness reaching 5700 cd m–2 is observed at voltages as low as 8 V, demonstrating the potential of this new approach to organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices. Unfortunately the device efficiency is rather low because of the high current density flowing through the device. We show that the device only operates after the insertion of an additional hole‐injection layer in between the light‐emitting polymer (LEP) and the metal anode. A simple model that explains the experimental results and provides avenues for further optimization of these devices is described. It is based on the idea that the barrier for electron injection is lowered by the formation of a space–charge field over the metal‐oxide–LEP interface due to the build up of holes in the LEP layer close to this interface. 相似文献
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Electrodeposition of conducting polyaniline (Pani) was made under potentiostatic condition at pH 1.0 in different electrolyte media (H2SO4 and HClO4) in the absence and presence of two organic dopants, disodium salts of naphthalene-1,5-disulphonic acid (NSA) and of catechol-3,5-disulphonic acid (CSA). The rate and yield of Pani deposition were dependent on the acid medium and the dopant employed. NSA in H2SO4 caused an increase in rate and yield but CSA decrease when compared to the rate and yield of H2SO4 alone. In HClO4 medium, both the dopants showed a decrease. With regard to DC electrical conductivity, both the dopants exhibited an enhancement in H2SO4 medium but NSA a decline in HClO4. Characterisation of the electrosynthesised polymer samples by various instrumental techniques (cyclic voltammetric: CV, FTIR, UV-Visible: UV-Vis, EPR, XRD, TGA and DTG methods) revealed that between the two acid media, H2SO4 was the better one. Further, it enlightened the role of two organic dopants in relation to the acid media. The advantageous role of NSA in H2SO4 had origin on its molecular characteristics such as non-polarity, larger π-electron cloud etc., while CSA could not perform such a role because of its easily oxidisable hydroxyl groups. In HClO4, however, both the dopants could play only an unfavourable role owing to its greater polarity and oxidizing power than H2SO4. 相似文献
8.
SynthesisandSpectralPropertiesofMixedLigandComplexesofLanthanidePerchloratewithBis(phenylsulfinyl)ethaneandOrganicLewisBase... 相似文献
9.
Novel molecular material ,1-benzothiazoly-3-pheny1-pyrazoline (BTPP) was found to function as bright blue light emitting dye in organic electroluminescent device, and its optical and electric characteristics were investigated. This heterovyclic compound exhibited good characteristics of blue photoluminescence and electroluminescence,which had the emission peak at 450nm .The single layer light-emitting devices using BTPP as light -emitting material dispersed in poly(N-vinylcarbazole)(PVK) and double layer ones using PBD as hole block layer above the light-emitting layer were fabricated using conventional spin-casting and vaccum vapour deposition methods. The introduction of PBD has enhanced electron injection and luminance efficiency, compared with the single layer LEDs. 相似文献
10.
Franz Schauer 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2005,87(1-4):235
Basic suppositions and microphysical origin of the occurrence of the space-charge-limited currents (SCLC) are presented in general and for the temperature-modulated space-charge-limited currents (TM-SCLC) in particular. The criteria are given for the spectroscopical method TM-SCLC to be used for localized electron states elucidation in organic semiconducting materials for organic solar cells optimization and modelling. The “visibility “of the localized states by SCLC method, i.e. the power of the SCLC method to distinguish the localized states, is tested by the modelling, varying the temperature, energy position of localized states and their concentration. Generally, it was determined that the SCLC measurements results are more reliable with the increased energy of the states, with their increased concentration and with decreased temperature. The correlation (or its absence) between the measured current and activation energy on applied voltage, expressed by the dependence of preexponential factor of conductivity on activation energy (Meyer–Neldel rule), gives the possibility to determine the energy range where the reconstruction of density of localized states function is reliable. 相似文献