工业控制以太网协议实现研究

基于以太网的工业控制网络是工业控制系统的发展趋势。研究高速以太网的关键技术,其中包括解决以太网通信的实时性、可互操作性、可靠性、抗干扰性和本质安全等问题,同时研究开发相关高速以太网技术的现场设备、网络化控制系统和系统软件等是目前工业控制理论界的一项重要任务。通过分析工业控制以太网的工作原理和相关的性能指标及目前常用的工业控制以太网协议实现细节得出以下结论：尽管各种工业以太网技术可能会像现场总线国际之争那样,出现多协议并存局面,但以太网协议的相融统一是工业控制以太网发展的必然趋势。     

倾斜板制备半固态7A09合金坯料的研究

以浇注温度、倾斜板预热温度、倾斜角度为研究因素,进行了倾斜板法制备7A09合金半固态坯料的正交实验。结果表明,浇注温度660℃,倾斜板预热温度150℃,倾斜板倾斜角度60°是较为理想的工艺参数;浇注温度是晶粒细化最主要的影响因素;控制合适的工艺参数可获得细小、均匀的初生相颗粒。     

基于STM32F207与CAN总线的车载监测系统设计

针对大型养路机械09-32型捣固车设备状态监测要求,设计了一种基于ARM与CAN总线的车载监测系统。该系统采用STM32F207和CAN总线技术,内嵌嵌入式u C/OS-II实时操作系统,采集设备的各种作业状态信息,并对设备状态信息进行预处理,通过USART接口上传至车载电脑,显示设备运行状态,对设备故障进行实时告警和早期诊断。测试结果表明,整个系统性能可靠稳定,在实际的作业过程中能有效提高养路车线路作业质量,作业效率及设备维护水平。     

弱磁技术在非铁磁性材料检测中的应用研究

提出一种能够应用于铁磁性与非铁磁性材料缺陷检测的弱磁检测技术,并以多晶硅和7A09铝合金两种非铁磁性材料为例,阐述了该技术检测非铁磁性材料的一般过程,即测试材料磁导率、设计实验、采集信号及信号分析。多晶硅自然缺陷检测实验表明,弱磁检测技术能够检测直径为10 μm的夹杂缺陷;铝合金人工缺陷检测实验表明,对于Φ0.4 mm的孔型缺陷和深度为1~2 mm的槽型缺陷,弱磁检测技术都具有很好的检测效果;验证了这种检测方法在非铁磁性材料检测中的可行性。     

7A09 Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金在氯化物溶液中的腐蚀和电化学行为

采用扫描电镜、金相显微和电化学测试等综合评价技术研究7A09铝合金在3.5% NaCl(质量分数)水溶液中的腐蚀和电化学行为。结果表明：7A09铝合金不均一的显微组织结构导致该合金遭受严重的点蚀和晶间腐蚀,其中点蚀主要发生于金属间化合物或其周围,而沿晶界分布的阳极贫铜区的优先溶解是引起晶间腐蚀的主要原因。当不同浸泡时间时,在7A09铝合金表面交替进行着不同钝化膜的生成与溶解过程,并伴随着该合金钝化与去钝化行为的发生。同时,对该合金的腐蚀过程及机制进行分析。     

Liquid metal corrosion/erosion investigations of structure materials in lead cooled systems: Part 1

In future lead cooled nuclear power systems the heavy liquid-metal pump will be placed in the hot temperature region of the reactor. This combines corrosion problematic at elevated temperatures with erosion at the impeller of the pump. Several steels designed for conventional mechanical high loaded pumps and the SiSiC have been tested in oxygen containing stagnant lead (10⁻⁶ and 10⁻⁸ wt%) at 550 and 600 °C for 2000 and 4000 h in the COSTA-facilities. Only SiSiC shows no influence by the liquid metal. No dissolution attack occurs at cast iron steels but inner oxidation takes place. NORILOY shows no dissolution attack. All other steels are attacked by liquid lead at one of the conditions. To evaluate the erosion-corrosion attack a new test facility allowing velocities of the lead of up to 20 m/s was designed and constructed. With a CFD-code the behaviour and flow velocity of the lead are simulated.     

添加剂对非离子表面活性剂AEO9浊点的影响

研究了不同添加剂如无机盐、有机醇、有机酸和离子型表面活性剂对非离子表面活性剂AEO9浊点的影响。结果表明，通过盐析性的无机盐与胶束争夺水分子，使非离子表面活性剂分子从水中析出，从而降低了非离子表面活性剂的浊点；而如NaI这样的盐溶性无机盐则相反，由于其可使自由水分子增加，从而导致AEO9的浊点升高。极性有机物对AEO9浊点的影响表明，与水无限混溶的极性有机物升高了浊点，而在水中部分溶解的极性有机物降低了浊点。这是因为前一类有机物通过改变溶剂水的结构，降低了介质的极性，同时部分有机物吸附在胶束-水界面，通过其溶剂化作用使AEO9的胶团化作用受到了限制，浊点升高；而后一类有机物分子由于增溶于胶束栅栏层中，导致胶束体积膨胀，从而降低了AEO9的浊点。在非离子表面活性剂溶液中加入离子型表面活性剂，如十二烷基硫酸钠SDS、十二烷基苯磺酸钠SDBS和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵CTAB，由于离子型表面活性剂能与非离子表面活性剂形成混合胶束，胶束表面电荷密度增大，胶束间电荷斥力增大，使体系稳定，从而其浊点显著升高。加入极少量的离子表面活性剂即可使浊点显著上升，当加入的离子表面活性剂达到其临界胶束浓度（cmc）时，浊点将发生突跃。     

Adaptive Comfort Degree-Days: A metric to compare adaptive comfort standards and estimate changes in energy consumption for future UK climates

This paper introduces the concept of the Adaptive Comfort Degree-Day, a temperature difference/time composite metric, as a means of comparing energy savings from Adaptive Comfort Model standards by quantifying the extent to which the temperature limits of the thermal comfort zone of the Predicted Mean Vote Model can be broadened. The Adaptive Comfort Degree-Day has been applied to a series of climates projected for different locations (Edinburgh, Manchester and London) under different emissions scenarios in the United Kingdom for the 2020s, 2030s, 2050s and 2080s. The rate at which energy savings can be achieved by the European adaptive standard EN15251 (Category II) was compared with the ASHRAE 55 adaptive standard (80% acceptability) during the cooling season. Results indicate that the wider applicability of the European standard means that it can realise levels of energy savings which its counterpart ASHRAE adaptive standard would not achieve for decades.     

2008版《电气简图用图形符号》系列国标的使用

配合2008版GB/T4728《电气简图用图形符号》系列国家标准,国家建筑标准设计图集修编完成了09DX001《建筑电气工程设计常用图形和文字符号》。介绍2008版国家标准中图形符号的特点和使用,以便于读者对国家标准和图集的使用和理解。     

Assessing the risk of climate change for buildings: A comparison between multi-year and probabilistic reference year simulations

Given a changing climate, there is a need to provide data for future years so that practicing engineers can investigate the impact of climate change on particular designs and examine any risk the client might be exposed to. In addition, such files are of use to building scientists in developing generic solutions to problems such as elevated internal temperatures and poor thermal comfort. With the release of the UK Climate Projections (UKCP09) [1], and the publication of a methodology for the creation of probabilistic future reference years using the UKCP09 weather generator [2], it is possible to model future building performance. However, the collapse of the distribution of possibilities inherent in the UKCP09 method into a single reference year or a small number of reference years, potentially means the loss of most of the information about the potential range of the response of the building and of the risk occupants might be subject to. In this paper we model for the first time the internal conditions and energy use of a building with all 3000 example years produced by the UKCP09 weather generator in an attempt to study the full range of response and risk. The resultant histograms and cumulative distribution functions are then used to examine whether single reference years can be used to answer questions about response and risk under a changing climate, or whether a more probabilistic approach is unavoidable.