平板状固体氧化物燃料电池电化学特性Simlink建模与仿真

在分析平板状固体氧化物燃料电池电化学特性的基础上,建立了Simlink仿真模型,探讨了工作温度和燃料中水蒸气含量对燃料电池理想电势和有效电势的影响。仿真结果表明,低电流密度下,温度的升高会导致有效电势的降低;高电流密度下,有效电势会随着温度升高而增加。水蒸气含量越低,燃料电池的理想电势和有效电势越高。     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of nano-composite IrO2/TiO2 anode catalyst for SPE electrolysis cell

A composite catalyst of nano-grade IrO₂/TiO₂ powder is synthesized by Adams’ fusion method for reducing overvoltage of solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) cell and cost-down of noble metal catalyst, simultaneously. The IrO₂/TiO₂ catalysts, which has a porous composite nanostructure, are prepared according to molar ratio of Ir and Ti element with a specific surface area of 34.1–55.3 m² g^?1. It is found that crystal structure of TiO₂ is more dominated by the rutile phase than by Anatase. For a SPE system, total catalyst loading of anode which made of TiO₂ and IrO₂ is prepared as low as 0.77 mg cm^?2 or less, in which the loading amount of the IrO₂ only is set to 0.6 mg cm^?2 or less. The anode catalyst layer of about 10 ? thickness is coated on the membrane (Nafion 212) for the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) by the decal method. The strong adhesion between the catalyst electrode the membrane is observed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) results shows that the nano-composite IrO₂/TiO₂ catalysts has better oxygen evolution reaction (OER) than that of the synthesis IrO₂ only. Finally, the IrO₂/TiO₂ catalysts is applied as anode electrode for SPE cells and it is observed that in spite of the lower loading amount of the IrO₂ less than 0.5 mg cm^?2, working voltage of 1.68 V is observed at a current density of 1 A cm^?2 and operating temperature of 80 °C.     

Production and use of HHO gas in IC engines

HHO gas, which is obtained by the electrolysis of water, is a promising alternative fuel. This paper presents a review of important features and techniques used for producing HHO gas. Various aspects of the thermodynamics and chemical kinetics of electrolysis reactions are discussed. Design and operating parameters for improving the gas production rate are identified. Widely different hypotheses regarding the structure and composition of HHO gas are compared in depth. The state of the art on the use of HHO gas in Internal Combustion (IC) engines is presented in the latter part of the paper. It is seen that the introduction of HHO gas increases engine torque, power and thermal efficiency, while simultaneously reducing the formation of NO_x, CO, HC and CO₂. The major challenges in using HHO gas in engines are identified as system complexity, safety, cost and efficiency of electrolysis.     

An experimental study of aluminium electrowinning using a nickel-based hydrogen diffusion anode

Laboratory scale electrolysis experiments were conducted to investigate the electrowinning of aluminium using hydrogen diffusion anodes. A potassium-based electrolyte (KF–AlF₃–Al₂O₃), porous nickel alloy anode and molybdenum disk cathode were used in experiments at 750 °C. Hydrogen gas was supplied to the anode/electrolyte interface through the porous anode. Experiments were conducted in potentiostatic, galvanostatic and galvanodynamic modes. There was a measurable depolarisation of the anode potential and also anode reaction of hydrogen and oxygen ions in the bath to form water vapour was confirmed by the water vapour condensate found at the electrolysis exit gas pipe. Metallic aluminium was found on the spent cathode. The experiments conducted in the galvanodynamic mode suggested that the rate limiter for hydrogen oxidation was the availability of surface hydrogen at the anode/electrolyte interface. The anode surface corroded during electrolysis and impurities were found both in the molten bath and on the cathode.