浅析芳烃联合装置能耗优化技术

芳烃联合装置是炼油厂的能耗大户,如何利用能耗优化技术对于降低装置及炼油厂能源消耗有着重要的意义。芳烃联合装置包括催化重整、芳烃抽提、歧化及烷基转移、吸附分离和二甲苯异构化等装置。本文主要分析了芳烃联合装置中高能耗的芳烃抽提和对二甲苯单元能耗优化技术及其他常用的能耗优化技术(夹点技术、热联合流程、板壳式换热技术等)并简要介绍几套大型化的芳烃联合装置能耗情况。     

基于FCMISVM的自适应软测量建模算法及其在PX吸附分离过程中的应用

To overcome the problem that soft sensor models cannot be updated with the process changes, a soft sensor modeling algorithm based on hybrid fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm and incremental support vector machines (ISVM) is proposed. This hybrid algorithm FCMISVM includes three parts: samples clustering based on FCM algorithm, learning algorithm based on ISVM, and heuristic sample displacement method. In the training process, the training samples are first clustered by the FCM algorithm, and then by training each clustering with the SVM algorithm, a sub-model is built to each clustering. In the predicting process, when an incremental sample that represents new operation information is introduced in the model, the fuzzy membership function of the sample to each clustering is first computed by the FCM algorithm. Then, a corresponding SVM sub-model of the clustering with the largest fuzzy membership function is used to predict and perform incremental learning so the model can be updated on-line. An old sample chosen by heuristic sample displacement method is then discarded from the sub-model to control the size of the working set. The proposed method is applied to predict the p-xylene (PX) purity in the adsorption separation process. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method actually increases the model’s adaptive abilities to various operation conditions and improves its generalization capability.     

基于小波和支持向量机的故障趋势预报

从工业生产过程实用的观点出发,鉴于小波变换能有效地对信号进行消噪的优点和支持向量机的卓越学习性能,探讨基于小波和支持向量机的故障趋势预报,并结合专家系统建立解释机制。将其用于工业精对苯二甲酸(PTA)生产过程中对二甲苯(PX)氧化反应器尾氧浓度故障预报的结果表明:该方法能准确地对尾氧浓度故障趋势进行预测,并同时给出故障产生的概率大小,为PX氧化反应器的安全平稳操作提供了保证。     

PX装置流程模拟程序包的建立和应用

对PX装置歧化烷基转移反应器和二甲苯异构化反应器反应机理进行了研究，利用PRO／1I模拟软件建立了歧化烷基转移反应器和二甲苯异构化反应器模拟模块。建立了由歧化烷基转移、吸附分离、二甲苯异构化和二甲苯精馏等四个单元组成的PX装置流程模拟程序包。此模拟程序包可以对整个PX装置进行流程模拟计算。经对比，模拟结果与参考数据的偏差在可接受的范围内，可以应用于PX装置的工程设计。     

对二甲苯在离子液体中无限稀释的活度系数

使用气相色谱对离子液体中的对二甲苯的无限稀释活度系数进行测定并归纳出估算式,同时进一步分析了实验中的误差,确信估算值在(100±2.7)%,为今后对二甲苯在离子液体中的分离方法的建立提供可靠数据.     

顶空-气相色谱法测定饮料中5种苯系物

建立顶空-气相色谱法同时测定饮料中苯、甲苯、邻-二甲苯、间-二甲苯、对-二甲苯等5种苯系物的检测方法。方法的回收率87.5%～114.1%,最小检出限0.07mg/L。该方法简便、快速、准确度高,易于普及。     

High dimension feature extraction based visualized SOM fault diagnosis method and its application in p-xylene oxidation process☆

Purified terephthalic acid (PTA) is an important chemical raw material. P-xylene (PX) is transformed to terephthalic acid (TA) through oxidation process and TA is refined to produce PTA. The PX oxidation reaction is a complex process involving three-phase reaction of gas, liquid and solid. To monitor the process and to im-prove the product quality, as wel as to visualize the fault type clearly, a fault diagnosis method based on self-organizing map (SOM) and high dimensional feature extraction method, local tangent space alignment (LTSA), is proposed. In this method, LTSA can reduce the dimension and keep the topology information simultaneously, and SOM distinguishes various states on the output map. Monitoring results of PX oxidation reaction process in-dicate that the LTSA–SOM can wel detect and visualize the fault type.     

钼铁催化剂的微结构及其对二甲苯选择氧化的催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Mo-Fe催化剂,考察了其对对二甲苯催化氧化合成对苯二甲醛的催化性能.结果表明,对二甲苯在该催化剂上的转化率为86%,对苯二甲醛的选择性为50%.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)和射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对Mo-Fe催化剂进行了表征.分析表明,Mo-Fe催化剂主要由MoO_与Fe_2(MoO_4)_3两种物相组成,两者的比例约为11:8.催化剂稳定性实验结果表明,Mo-Fe催化剂在450℃下反应,其活性可稳定在15左右.催化剂失活主要是催化剂中MoO_3被还原为MoO_2以及Fe_2(MoO_4)_3结构被破坏.     

对二甲苯降解菌的筛选及特性研究

以对二甲苯为唯一碳源和能源,筛选得到一株对对二甲苯具有高效降解能力的菌株,生理生化实验、16SrDNA基因鉴定结果表明该菌株属于假单胞杆菌属,其最佳降解条件为pH=7.5,培养温度为30℃,摇床转速为150r/min。将高效菌接种至实际废水中,能在短时间内将废水中的对二甲苯全部降解。