Telechelic polymers by living and controlled/living polymerization methods

Telechelic polymers, defined as macromolecules that contain two reactive end groups, are used as cross-linkers, chain extenders, and important building blocks for various macromolecular structures, including block and graft copolymers, star, hyperbranched or dendritic polymers. This review article describes the general techniques for the preparation of telechelic polymers by living and controlled/living polymerization methods; namely atom transfer radical polymerization, nitroxide mediated radical polymerization, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, iniferters, iodine transfer polymerization, cobalt mediated radical polymerization, organotellurium-, organostibine-, organobismuthine-mediated living radical polymerization, living anionic polymerization, living cationic polymerization, and ring opening metathesis polymerization. The efficient click reactions for the synthesis of telechelic polymers are also presented.     

氨甲苯酸注射液引起溶血反应原因的实验研究

目的: 研究氨甲苯酸注射液引起溶血反应的原因。方法: 按照《中国药典》2010年版二部附录规定测定引起溶血反应的氨甲苯酸注射液及其原料的pH值和摩尔渗透压,考察其引发溶血反应的原因。结果: 氨甲苯酸注射液引发溶血反应的原因与其pH值范围相关,与其摩尔渗透压无关。结论: 产品成品的溶液pH值控制在该品种规定的 4.3～4.5 之间即可达到保证该品种溶血试验符合规定的目的,同时还可避免可能出现的不良反应。