PEO-b-PBA对天然橡胶/高吸水树脂共混体系增容作用的研究

通过扫描电子显微镜观察了天然橡胶和高吸水树脂共混体系的微观相态结构 ,研究了两亲性嵌段共聚物PEO b PBA结构本身的吸水能力对天然橡胶和高吸水性树脂共混体系吸水性能及力学性能的影响。结果表明 ,PEO b PBA结构本身的吸水强弱对共混体系的吸水能力贡献很小 ,但却可以显著提高共混体系的吸水膨胀能力和力学性能 ,对特殊的增容作用进行了探讨     

聚丙烯/BA原位聚合改性MMT纳米复合材料的DSC分析与力学性能

通过原位聚合制备了聚丙烯酸丁酯 (PBA )改性蒙脱土 (MMT ) ,与聚丙烯 (PP)熔融复合制成PP/MMT纳米复合材料 ,系统地研究了复合材料的熔融、结晶行为和力学性能。结果表明 :随着处理MMT的BA用量的增加 ,PP/MMT纳米复合材料中PP相的结晶度、熔点和结晶温度明显提高 ,结晶速度加快 ;复合材料的拉伸强度变化不大 ,但拉伸模量和冲击强度有显著提高。当BA/OMMT质量比为 1/ 12左右时 ,复合材料的韧性趋于平衡值 ,而拉伸模量出现最大值     

有机玻璃的增韧研究

研究了不同聚合方法制备的聚丙烯酸丁酯（PBA）对浇铸型有机玻璃（PMMA）的增韧改性，研究结果表明，当PBA以纳米粒子簇分散在PMMA基体中时，对PMMA有较好的增韧改性效果。当PMMA中无皂乳液聚合PBA（e-PBA)的质量分数为0.5%时。改性PMMA的冲击强度比基体提高38%。SEM观察表明，本体聚合PBA（b-PBA)橡胶粒子以独特的纳米簇状结构均匀分布在PMMA基体中，大量的微裂纹以b-PBA粒子为中心呈放射状向外辐射，这些微裂纹在试样破坏的过程中吸收了大量的冲击能，使改性PMMA韧性得以提高。     

PBA/OMMT制备及其对PA6力学性能的影响

用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)将Na基蒙脱土(MMT)改性成有机蒙脱土(OMMT),采用原位聚合法制备了聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)/OMMT,并将其按适当比例添加到尼龙6(PA6)中。通过红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪等表征了OMMT、PBA/OMMT的结构,并检测了PA6/PBA/OMMT复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:添加5%的PBA/OMMT后,PA6/PBA/OMMT复合材料的拉伸强度提高了23.1%,缺口冲击强度的降低幅度有所减缓。     

黄土地区PBA工法地铁车站施工方案比选与分析

黄土地区采用暗挖法施工地铁车站风险高、难度大。文中采用二维有限元数值分析方法,对比分析了三、四和六导洞PBA工法导洞开挖和扣拱施工后地表沉降及导洞初支位移情况。经过计算比选,四导洞方案工序转换减少、施工难度降低,对差异沉降和周边环境影响控制有利,适合黄土地区暗挖PBA工法车站。     

PP/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及电性能

采用原子转移自由基(ATRP)活性聚合方法在多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)表面接枝丙烯酸丁酯聚合物(PBA),并以此对聚丙烯(PP)进行改性。红外光谱(FT-IR)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)测试结果表明,采用ATRP法成功地将PBA接枝到多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)表面。对PP/MWNT复合材料电性能研究表明,MWNT-PBA的添加比MWNT-COOH更能降低复合材料的电阻率。MWNT-PBA的加入可使PP从绝缘材料转变为抗静电材料。MWNT-PBA和MWNT-COOH加入PP都能提高材料的电性能,而MWNT-PBA比MWNT-COOH的作用更加明显。     

Ni–Fe nanocubes embedded with Pt nanoparticles for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions

Electrochemical water-splitting is widely regarded as one of the essential strategies to produce hydrogen energy, while Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) materials are used to prepare electrochemical catalysts because of its controllable morphology and low cost. Herein, a series of trimetallic porous Pt-inlaid Ni–Fe nanocubes (NCs) are developed with bifunctions of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In the process of prepare the electrochemical catalysts, Pt nanoparticles are uniformly embedded in the Fe–Ni PBA cube structure, and ascorbic acid is employed as a reducing agent to reduce Pt²⁺ to Pt nanoparticles. In this work, the cubic structure of Fe–Ni PBA is maintained and the noble metal Pt nanoparticles are embedded. Remarkably, the formation of PBA cubes, Pt inlay and reduction are completed in one step, and Pt nanoparticles are embedded by a simple method for the first time. By employing acid etching method, a porous structure is formed on the PBA cube, which increases the exposed area of the catalyst and provides more active sites for HER and OER. Due to the porous structure, highly electrochemical active surface area and the embedded of highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles, the porous 0.6 Ni–Fe–Pt nanocubes (NCs) exhibits excellently electrocatalytic performance and durable stability to HER and OER. In this work, for HER and OER, the Tafel slopes are 81 and 65 mV dec⁻¹, the overpotential η at the current density of 10 mA cm⁻² are 463 and 333 mV, and the onset potential are 0.444 and 1.548 V, respectively. And after a 12-h i-t test and 1000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry (CV), it maintained high stability and durability. This work opens up a new preparation method for noble metal embedded MOF materials and provided a new idea for the preparation of carbon nanocomposites based on MOF.     

砂卵石富水地层注浆加固技术

结合工程概况,介绍了工程地质和水文地质条件及“PBA”洞桩法的施工方法,指出了砂卵石地层中进行导洞开挖的施工难点,并对超前小导管注浆的设计与施工过程进行了阐述,以达到加固地层保证隧道的施工安全和周边环境稳定的目的。     

The basic properties of some typical systems’ reliability in interval form

A proper mathematical representation of uncertainties is indispensable for reliability analysis of a practical engineering structural system. A general uncertainty analysis approach is probability bounds analysis (PBA), which propagates constraints on a distribution function through mathematical operations. The uncertainty about a probability distribution is represented by the set of cumulative distribution functions lying entirely within a pair of bounding distribution functions, which is called a P-box. Interval analysis as a special case of PBA is useful when there is no or less probabilistic information. It is common sense that great efforts must be paid to get enough probabilistic information used for probabilistic analysis of large and complex engineering structural systems. Even if there is no or less probabilistic information; the interval of possible values of probability of an event can be easily specified, such as the interval value of each element’s reliability of an engineering structural system.

This paper aims to introduce the concept of system reliability and its relationship to the reliability of its individual elements in an interval form. In terms of extension principle, interval arithmetic and possibility degree formula (PDF) for ranking interval numbers, basic properties of system reliability in interval form are investigated. The conclusion is that relationships between point reliability (point reliability used to describe a precise value of probability reliability is distinct with interval reliability) of some typical systems, such as series system, parallel system, series–parallel system, parallel–series system and r/n(G) system, etc., and point reliability of their individual elements are maintained in their interval forms. This is called quasi-consistency in this paper. A simple review of order relations of interval numbers, which will play an important role in interval reliability analysis, is given. The proposed quasi-consistency establishes the foundations for interval reliability analysis of a complex engineering structural system.     

Structural,electrochemical and catalytic activity of Prussian blue analogues embedded with functionalized carbon for solid state battery applications

The nanoparticles of Mn_1.5[Cr(CN)₆]∙mH₂O@Ni_1.5[Cr(CN)₆]∙nH₂O core-shell prussian blue analogues (PBA) embedded with carbon additives (PBA-C) were synthesized and characterized as electrode material for solid state battery application. The impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltametry were used to study the electrochemical properties by adding functionalized carbon in 1:1 proportion to improve the electrical performance. The value of room temperature electrical conductivity of core-shell PBA and core-shell nanoparticles mixed with vulcan carbon (PBA-C) are found to be 1.574 × 10⁻³ and 1.92 × 10⁻³ Scm⁻¹_, respectively. Using Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LZZO) electrolyte, single cell was fabricated with PBA-C material, and studied its charging-discharging cycles, which exhibits higher current density with stable performance for 400 cycles for time slots of 400 min. The study reveals that the PBA core-shell nanoparticles mixed with carbon (PBA-C) may be a potential candidate as an electrode material in the form of a single cell using LZZO electrolyte.