Optimized PI+ load–frequency controller using BWNN approach for an interconnected reheat power system with RFB and hydrogen electrolyser units

This paper investigates a renewable energy resource’s application to the Load–Frequency Control of interconnected power system. The Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers are replaced with Proportional-Integral Plus (PI+) controllers in a two area interconnected thermal power system without/with the fast acting energy storage devices and are designed based on Control Performance Standards (CPS) using conventional/Beta Wavelet Neural Network (BWNN) approaches. The energy storing devices Hydrogen generative Aqua Electroliser (HAE) with Fuel cell and Redox Flow Battery (RFB) are incorporated to the two area interconnected thermal power system to efficiently damp out the electromechanical oscillations in the power system because of their inherent efficient storage capacity in addition to the kinetic energy of the generator rotor, which can share the sudden changes in power requirements. The system was simulated and the frequency deviations in area 1 and area 2 and tie-line power deviations for 5% step- load disturbance in area 1 are obtained. The comparison of frequency deviations and tie-line power deviations of the two area interconnected thermal power system with HAE and RFB designed with BWNN controller reveals that the PI+ controller designed using BWNN approach is found to be superior than that of output response obtained using PI+ controller. Moreover the BWNN based PI+ controller exhibits a better transient and steady state response for the interconnected power system with Hydrogen generative Aqua Electroliser (AE) unit than that of the system with Redox Flow Battery (RFB) unit.     

Study on maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic array in irregular shadow

Traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods can hardly find global maximum power point (MPP) because output characteristics curve of photovoltaic (PV) array may have multi local maximum power points in irregular shadow, and thus easily fall into the local maximum power point. To address this drawback, Considering that sliding mode variable structure (SMVS) control strategy have such advantages as simple structure, fast response and strong robustness, and P&O method have the advantages of simple principle and convenient implementation, so a new algorithm combining SMVS control method and P&O method is proposed, besides, PI controller is applied to reduce system chattering caused by switching sliding surface. It is applied to MPPT control of PV array in irregular shadow to solve the problem of multi-peak optimization in partial shadow. In order to verity the rationality of the proposed algorithm, the experimental circuit is built, which achieves MPPT control by means of the proposed algorithm and P&O method. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional P&O algorithm, the proposed algorithm can fast track the global MPP, tracking speed increases by 60% and the relative error decreased by 20%. Moreover, the system becomes more stable near the MPP, the fluctuations of output power is greatly reduced, and thus make full use of solar energy.     

Covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy based design of fixed structure robust H∞ loop shaping controller

This paper proposes the application of Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) in fixed structure H_∞ loop shaping controller design. Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) performance requirement is incorporated as a constraint with an objective of maximization of stability margin in the fixed structure H_∞ loop shaping controller design problem. Pneumatic servo system, separating tower process and F18 fighter aircraft system are considered as test systems. The CMA-ES designed fixed structure H_∞ loop-shaping controller is compared with the traditional H_∞ loop shaping controller, non-smooth optimization and Heuristic Kalman Algorithm (HKA) based fixed structure H_∞ loop shaping controllers in terms of stability margin. 20% perturbation in the nominal plant is used to validate the robustness of the CMA-ES designed H_∞ loop shaping controller. The effect of Finite Word Length (FWL) is considered to show the implementation difficulties of controller in digital processors. Simulation results demonstrated that CMA-ES based fixed structure H_∞ loop shaping controller is suitable for real time implementation with good robust stability and performance.     

Methods of Verifying Continuous Automatic Belt Weighers: State and Prospects

The basic methods of verifying continuous automatic belt weighers are described. A comparative analysis of these methods on the basis of experimental studies is made and ways of implementing the results in industry are recommended.     

A级道路石油沥青的开发与生产

通过对道路石油沥青针入度指数(PI)与平均分子量关系的研究,提出了选择原油、提高减压蒸馏分离效果、氧化和原油混合提高道路石油沥青PI的方法,筛选原油得出进口原油2可生产A级产品,氧化试验证明选择合适的氧化条件沙中减渣可制备A级产品,减压蒸馏试验并经工业装置验证得出沙中原油可生产A级产品。     

一种通用型的目标数据仿真

给出了一种通用型的雷达目标模拟器 ,它能够方便直观的产生各种特征的三维目标轨迹 ,可实时离散出目标点迹 ,为雷达数据处理及精度分析提供数据来源。目标轨迹由一组特征点定义 ,修改方便 ,应用灵活     

实用神经网络的生物模拟器 待续

本文介绍一种能模拟单个神经元、触突以及系统的模拟器Ｓｉｍｕｌａｔｏｒ。用它模拟在生物界所熟知的一种无脊椎软体类似海参的食肉类动作Ｐｌｅｕｒｏ－ｂｒａｎｃｈｅａ。它的各种形为如吞食食物，遇敌退缩等用Ｆｏｒｔｒａｎ７７版本编程并在Ｓｕｎ３／５０工作站上进行模拟获得了满意结果。     

开关DC—DC变换器并联运行问题的研究

开关直流电源并联运行在许多场合应用。每一路电源输出阻抗的不一致性使每一路输出电流难以均衡，影响了系统的可靠性。本文提出了一种双回路ＤＣ—ＤＣ变换器的控制方案。由于采用电压环（外环）和电流环（内环）两环结构的双回路控制模式，变换器输出电流得到了有效控制，便于多个ＤＣ—ＤＣ变换器输出直接并联，从而实现了模块化，具有一定的实用性     

模拟光耦SLC800在转台系统中的应用

在大功率转台控制系统中．存在着较大的电压干扰和电磁兼容问题。在转台的控制精度和驱动功率不断提高的情况下．本文使用模拟光耦隔离器件SLC800重新设计了转台中的某部分模拟电路．将功率放大电路和控制电路隔开，来增强系统的抗干扰能力和运行的可靠性。实验结果的分析和转台的运行表明：应用模拟光耦进行隔离，有效地消除了转台控制中的干扰和电磁兼容。