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目的采用溶胶-凝胶法在氢化锆表面制备氧化锆阻氢膜层,探究溶胶p H值对阻氢膜层性能的影响。方法以正丙醇锆为前驱体,通过滴加盐酸分别得到p H值为1、3、5、7、9的溶胶。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD),分析了氧化锆膜层的截面形貌、表面形貌和物相组成,并利用真空脱氢实验测试了膜层的阻氢性能。结果溶胶p H值影响溶胶的涂覆性能,致使氢化锆基体表面所得膜层的连续性、均匀性及厚度存在差异。溶胶pH值的变化对形成膜层的物相组成没有显著影响,所得膜层由单斜相氧化锆(m-ZrO2)和四方相氧化锆(t-ZrO_2)组成。当p H值在1~9范围内时,随着溶胶pH的增加,膜层中t-ZrO_2的体积分数和PRF值均呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势,t-ZrO_2的体积分数介于13.16%~46.84%之间,膜层的PRF值介于10.13~19.46之间。结论溶胶pH值影响溶胶的涂覆性能,进而影响膜层质量、膜层中各物相的含量以及膜层的阻氢效果。当溶胶p H值为3时,溶胶涂覆性能良好,所得氧化锆膜层均匀、连续,膜层较厚且致密,膜层中t-ZrO_2的体积分数最大,为46.84%,同时膜层的氢渗透降低因子(PRF值,Permeation Reduction Factor)达到最大值19.46。 相似文献
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The temporal phases of autoignition and combustion in an HCCI engine have been investigated in both an all-metal engine and a matching optical engine. Gasoline, a primary reference fuel mixture (PRF80), and several representative real-fuel constituents were examined. Only PRF80, which is a two-stage ignition fuel, exhibited a “cool-flame” low-temperature heat-release (LTHR) phase. For all fuels, slow exothermic reactions occurring at intermediate temperatures raised the charge temperature to the hot-ignition point. In addition to the amount of LTHR, differences in this intermediate-temperature heat-release (ITHR) phase affect the fuel ignition quality. Chemiluminescence images of iso-octane show a weak and uniform light emission during this phase. This is followed by the main high-temperature heat-release (HTHR) phase. Finally, a “burnout” phase was observed, with very weak uniform emission and near-zero heat-release rate (HRR). To better understand these combustion phases, chemiluminescence spectroscopy and chemical-kinetic analysis were applied for the single-stage ignition fuel, iso-octane, and the two-stage fuel, PRF80. For both fuels, the spectrum obtained during the ITHR phase was dominated by formaldehyde chemiluminescence. This was similar to the LTHR spectrum of PRF80, but the emission intensity and the temperature were much higher, indicating differences between the ITHR and LTHR phases. Chemical-kinetic modeling clarified the differences and similarities between the LTHR and ITHR phases and the cause of the enhanced ITHR with PRF80. The HTHR spectra for both fuels were dominated by a broad CO continuum with some contribution from bands of HCO, CH, and OH. The modeling showed that the CO+O→CO2+hν reaction responsible for the CO continuum emission tracks the HTHR well, explaining the strong correlation observed experimentally between the total chemiluminescence and HRR during the HTHR phase. It also showed that the CO continuum does not contribute to the ITHR and LTHR chemiluminescence. Bands of H2O and O2 in the red and IR regions were also detected during the HTHR, which the data indicated were most likely due to thermal excitation. The very weak light emission in the “burnout” phase also appeared to be thermal emission from H2O and O2. 相似文献
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Incidence of adenoviruses in raw and treated water 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Adenoviruses are of major public health importance and are associated with a variety of clinical manifestations, i.e. gastroenteritis, eye infections and respiratory infections. The importance of water in the epidemiology of adenoviruses and the potential health risks constituted by adenoviruses in water sources and supplies are widely recognised. This study was conducted to assess the incidence of human adenoviruses in raw and treated water systems. Various raw and treated water were routinely monitored for the presence of adenoviruses, over a 1-year period (July 2000-June 2001). The supplies were derived from acceptable quality surface water sources using treatment processes, which conform to international standards for the production of safe drinking water. Adenoviruses were detected by firstly amplifying the viruses in cell cultures and then amplifying the extracted nucleic acids of these viruses using molecular techniques (nested PCR). The results indicated human adenoviruses present in 13 (12.75%) of the raw and 9 (4.41%) of the treated water samples tested. The combination of cell culture and nested PCR has proved to be a quick and reliable method for the detection of adenoviruses in water environments. 相似文献
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直升机雷达回波的分析与检测 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
直升机在军事上的广泛应用对现有雷达系统提出了挑战.低空慢速、悬停式武装直升机的探测是一个迫切需要解决的课题.利用专门的电磁仿真软件,通过以美制直升机“阿帕奇”为例的飞行和转台等多种试验,分析了直升机回波的时域、频域和时频分布的特性,并根据这些特点提出了雷达探测武装悬停直升机的初步方案. 相似文献
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如何快速地从繁杂的信号环境中识别、分选各种型号雷达信号参数,是电子侦察设备面临主要课题.文中首先介绍了信号分选的一般方法,然后根据工程实践,提出了一种实用的雷达信号分选电路,介绍了系统的构成及工作流程,对其中的关键技术,包括预处理电路的实现、主处理器的选型、软件模型等进行详细说明,最后阐述了该电路的应用情况. 相似文献
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孔隙阻力因子法评价胶态分散凝胶 总被引:20,自引:9,他引:11
本文介绍了一种类似岩心流动装置的填砂滤管实验装置,在该装置上参照测定转变压力的实验方法测定胶态分解凝胶的孔隙阻力因子Fpr,作为表征凝胶相对强度的新参数。测得的孔隙阻力因子值与转变压力值,TGU值之间有良好的线性相关性,以孔隙阻力因子对时间作图可以求得成胶时间。 相似文献