核壳型铁钴纳米复合材料的制备及其性能

采用多元醇还原工艺和自组装技术,在微米级Fe粉表面包覆纳米Co粒子,一步法制备了一种具有核壳结构的复合磁性微球,用SEM表征了其相组成和形貌,用VSM测试了磁滞回线,初步研究了磁学性能。结果表明:用该法制备的核壳型Fe/Co纳米复合材料表面包覆致密,其比饱和磁化强度和矫顽力介于微米铁粉和纳米钴粉之间。     

云2-平1多台阶变方位水平井钻井液技术

云2-平1井是位于复杂断块油气田上的一口中曲率半径水平井,水平段长820.86 m,水平段多台阶、方位角变化幅度大(29.6°),井下摩阻大,钻井液的携砂、润滑及防卡能力是该井钻井成功的关键。该井选用有机正电胶-聚合物钻井液体系,用高分子量聚合物胶液进行维护,以提高体系的悬浮携岩及防塌能力,通过加入液体磺化沥青、原油及与之相配伍的固体乳化剂来提高润滑性,配合良好的四级固控设备及时清除有害固相,使钻井液性能稳定且易于调整,增强了泥饼的韧度和强度,完全达到了充分悬浮携带岩屑、润滑防卡、稳定井壁的要求。在钻进过程中仔细观察钻井液的动切力、动塑比、静切力初终值、固相含量、含油量、膨润土含量等性能参数的变化,“细化、超前、配套”是该井钻井液性能稳定、效果良好的主要维护处理经验。下套管、钻杆输送测井顺利,井下摩阻始终小于10 kN,全井安全无事故,仅用45d8 h钻完3200 m的进尺。     

Improving antibacterial,biocompatible, and reusable properties of polyvinyl chloride via the addition of aluminum alkoxides

Global bacterial infections associated with conventional polyvinyl chloride (PVC) medical devices place a heavy burden on healthcare systems and thus it will be desirable if medical devices are made from antimicrobial PVC. There are numerous studies focusing on polymer surface modifications to either leach antimicrobial agents or kill pathogenic microbes upon direct contact. In this work, mannitol fumarate ester-based aluminum metal alkoxide (MFE-Al) additive was developed to confer simultaneously improved antibacterial property and enhanced high temperature sterilization resistance of the resultant PVC. Data obtained confirm that the MFE-Al stabilized PVC sheets significantly inhibit 98% bacterial growth. They also show biocompatibility with cultured H9C2 cardiomyocytes and hemocompatibility in vitro. Dry heat sterilization is generally not suitable for PVC medical wares due to their poor thermal compatibility. Surprisingly, our antimicrobial-biocompatible PVC can maintain stability at 180°C for 90 min. Such a high thermal stability indicates the MFE-Al stabilized PVC can endure 90 cycles of dry-heat sterilization without significant damage. This study may provide a solution to reduce PVC medical waste for a maximum benefit without compromising human health or the environment.     

Phase Composition During Palm Olein Fractionation and its Effect on Soft PMF and Superolein Quality

Refined palm olein was dry fractionated via three different cooling programs on laboratory-scale fractionation equipment. The enrichment and depletion of the main triacylglycerols in the liquid and solid phase was plotted as a function of the crystallization degree of the oil. It was shown that for the given conditions and palm olein composition, the initial crystals mainly consisted of PPP, diacylglycerols, POP and PLP. At higher crystallization degrees, a sharp viscosity increase in the crystal suspension was primarily related to an obvious decrease of POP but also of POS in the recovered superolein, while the general crystallization rate of the system remained unchanged. Rather than a change in crystallization rate of POP, a change in the ratio between the crystallizing monounsaturated triacylglycerols is linked with the high viscosity of the crystal slurry. For a comparable degree of crystallization, the superolein of the more viscous crystal slurry, obtained through a membrane press filtration up to 15 bar, was more unsaturated than the superolein filtered from the less viscous slurry. Consequently, the high unsaturation in the corresponding soft palm mid fraction is only the result of an incomplete phase separation, and not due to an increased intersolubility of unsaturated triacylglycerols in the crystals.     

Process Technology for the Production of Micronutrient Rich Red Palm Olein

Crude palm oil (CPO) is the richest natural source of carotenes that are destroyed in the conventional processing. There is a growing demand for nutritional products containing bioactive constituents externally fortified or preserved through modified process. A commercially viable process for the production of red palm olein (RPOn) rich in carotenes, tocols and sterols has been developed at pilot scale. The process developed involved neutralization of CPO followed by crystallization at controlled rate of cooling and deodorization of the resultant neutralized and winterized palm olein (WPOn) under controlled conditions of temperature and high vacuum. Analytical data related to micronutrients at each process step was monitored. The RPOn thus produced had not more than 0.25% of free fatty acids (FFA) and it retained more than 80% of the carotenes, about 85% of tocols and 65% of sterols originally present in the CPO. The physico-chemical characteristics of RPOn revealed that it is nutritionally of superior quality compared to that of the commercial refined bleached deodorized (RBD) palm olein currently available in the market. The carotenes, tocols and sterols profile of RPOn by HPLC showed that they were retained in their natural forms.     

聚醚多元醇中间品钾（钠）离子的快速测定方法

本法采用乙醇水溶解试样，以经过处理的无钾，钠离子聚醚鸩元醇作为基体，配制标准样品，用火焰光度法检测聚醚多元醇中间品的钾（钠）离子的含量。由于样品处理简单，应用浓度直读取数据，可快速准确地测定试样，适用于聚醚多元醇生产过程中间品的检验。     

聚合物多元醇产品质量的影响因素与控制

从内在和外在质量两个方面，简要论述了影响聚合物多元醇(POP)产品质量的因素和控制产品质量的措施。     

低温烘烤型双组分水性聚氨酯涂料

采用溶液聚合法，合成了丙烯酸五元共聚物；将该共聚物中的羧基中和后制成丙烯酸多元醇分散体，将其作为B组分与一种低黏度的多异氰酸酯固化剂(A组分)组成双组分水性聚氨酯涂料。研究发现：引发剂含量、羟基含量、中和度以及A、B两组分混合搅拌方式都对双组分涂膜的性能产生重要影响。当引发剂含量为1％，羟基含量为2．7％，中和度为100％，A、B组分采用机械搅拌混合时所得的涂膜综合性能最好。水性涂料的适用期达到8h，超过相应的溶剂型涂料。     

Partition coefficient of diglycerides in crystallization of palm oil

Crystallization of palm oil with and without solvent was carried out over a temperature range of 10–25°C. The yields of olein, the diglyceride contents, and compositions of the stearin and olein phases were determined by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. The three major diglycerides, analyzed as C₃₂, C₃₄, and C₃₆, are mainly dipalmitoyl glycerol, palmitoyloleoyl glycerol, and dioleoyl glycerol. In crystallization without solvent, C₃₂ (PP) had a strong affinity for the stearin fraction and C₃₆ diglycerides concentrated in the olein phase. The partition coefficient of diglycerides between the olein and stearin phases was temperature-dependent and was influenced by the type of solvent used. Although solvent enhances the diglyceride partition into the olein phase, partitioning is more effective at low temperatures and with acetone as the solvent for fractionation.     

全水发泡硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料技术研究进展

对CFC 11发泡替代技术中全水发泡技术路线进行了分析 ,指出水作为发泡剂存在的优点与不足。着重阐述了全水发泡中几种主要因素如水的用量、聚醚多元醇性质和结构以及异氰酸酯指数对泡沫性能的影响 ,并对国外近些年来全水发泡用聚醚多元醇研究现状进行了详细论述