Enhanced thermal shrinkage behavior of phenolic-derived carbon aerogel-reinforced by HNTs with superior compressive strength performance

A novel carbon/m-HNTs composite aerogel was synthesized by introducing the modified halloysite nanotubes (m-HNTs) into phenolic (PR) aerogels through chemical grafting, followed with carbonization treatment. In order to explore the best proportion of HNTs to phenolic, the micromorphology of PR/m-HNTs were investigated by SEM before carbonization, confirming 10 wt% of m-HNTs is most beneficial to the porous network of aerogels. The interaction between PR and HNTs was studied by FTIR spectra, and microstructure evolution of the target product-carbon/m-HNTs composite aerogel were illustrated by SEM and TEM techniques. SEM patterns indicated that the carbon/m-HNTs aerogels maintain a stable porous structure at 1000 °C (carbonization temperature), while a ~20 nm carbon layer was formed around m-HNTs generating an integral unit through TEM analysis. Specific surface area and pore size distribution of composite aerogels were analyzed based on mercury intrusion porosimetry and N₂ adsorption–desorption method, the obtained results stayed around 500 m²g^?1 and 1.00 cm³g^?1 (pore volume) without significant discrepancy, compared with pure aerogel, showing the uniformity of pore size. The weight loss rate (26.76%) decreased greatly compared with pure aerogel, at the same time, the best volumetric shrinkage rate was only 30.83%, contributed by the existence of HNTs supporting the neighbor structure to avoid over-shrinking. The highest compressive strength reached to 4.43 MPa, while the data of pure aerogel was only 1.52 MPa, demonstrating the excellent mechanical property of carbon/m-HNTs aerogels.     

硅粉/酚醛制备低成本碳化硅陶瓷复合材料

以低成本的硅粉和酚醛为原料 ,采用浆料浸渍 热压成型 反应烧结法制备了Cf SiC单向板 ,并对工艺条件进行了探讨。制备得到的单向板的弯曲强度达到 45 6 .8MPa ,断裂韧性达到 7.94MPa·m1 2 。     

Antimutagenic activity of natural phenolic compounds present in the common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) against aflatoxin B 1

Polyphenols with antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties are present in fruits, vegetables and legumes. In this study, the Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and TA100 were used in the microsuspension assay to examine the antimutagenic effect of phenolic compounds extracted from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) against mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ). A dose-response curve was constructed for AFB 1 ; from which a level of 40ng AFB 1 /tube was selected for all antimutagenicity assays. The AFB 1 and phenolic extract (PE) were not toxic to the bacteria at concentrations tested. In the case of PE, results were similar to the number of spontaneous revertants for TA98 and TA100. The inhibitory effect of PE against AFB 1 mutagenicity was dose-dependent at the lower concentrations tested (2.5, 5, 10, 12.5, 15 and 25 μg-equivalent ( + )-catechin/tube for TA98; 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 5, 10 and 25 μg-equivalent ( + )-catechin/ tube for TA100). Further, a two-stage incubation procedure was used to investigate the potential interaction between PE and AFB 1 . The greatest inhibitory effect of the PE on AFB 1 mutagenicity occurred when PE and AFB 1 were incubated together. When the bacteria were first incubated with PE followed by a second incubation with AFB 1 , lower inhibition was observed. Lower inhibition was also observed when the bacteria were first incubated with AFB 1 followed by a second incubation with PE. The results suggest that the mechanism of inhibition could involve the formation of a chemical complex between of PE and AFB 1 .     

Hydrothermal upgrading of wood biomass: Influence of the addition of K2CO3 and cellulose/lignin ratio

The hydrothermal treatment of two different wood biomass samples such as cherry (hard wood) and cypress (soft wood), whose composition is different i.e. lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose were performed at 280 °C for 15 min with aq. K₂CO₃ with different concentrations (0–1 M). The soft wood biomass contains higher lignin content than hard wood biomass. The cellulose rich cherry wood biomass produced higher proportion of acetic acid than cypress. The lignin rich cypress produced the hydrocarbons with major portion of phenolic hydrocarbons and derivatives than cherry. The total oil yields from both cherry and cypress wood biomass produced 50 wt% of liquid hydrocarbons at 280 °C for 15 min with 0.5 M K₂CO₃ solution. The volatility distribution of liquid hydrocarbons showed the characteristic features of soft and hard wood biomasses.     

煤焦油改性酚醛树脂研究

引入含有多环芳烃煤焦油组分来改性酚醛树脂,在反应釜中按一定比例加入苯酚、甲醛、氢氧化钠和煤焦油.在碱性催化剂作用下反应4～7 h,真空脱水,得到了煤焦油改性热固性酚醛树脂.对改性后树脂的固含量、残炭值测定和热失重-差热分析,结果表明煤焦油加入量为苯酚质量的15%时改性树脂具有较大的固含量和残炭值,耐热性也得到了显著提高.     

汽车刹车片用改性酚醛树脂的生产

在原有的酚醛树脂生产设备上，用腰果壳油和三聚氰胺对酚醛树脂进行改性，制得的改性树脂具有较好的软化点、聚合速度、挥发度和游离酚等性能；并且热分解温度较普通酚醛树脂大大提高。用它作胶粘剂生产的汽车刹车片，冲击强度增大：磨损率降低、摩擦性能提高、产品成本也大为降低。     

Separation and identification of phenolic acids and related compounds by gas chromatography and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Phenolic acids and related compounds were separated by gas chromatography using three separate columns. One of these columns was coupled to a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The trimethylsilyl derivatives could be separated and identified by comparing the relative retention times of the three different columns. However, where there was overlap, the accompanying infrared data clearly distinguished between the questionable derivatives, thus enabling characterization of all derivatives.The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this article is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.     

酚醛泡沫塑料研究

针对影响酚醛泡沫性能的诸多因紊的不确定性，对树脂粘度、发泡剂、固化剂、表面活性剂、工艺温度及其他因素对泡沫性能的影响进行了讨论。研究表明：当树脂粘度控制在2000-10000cps，发泡剂用量为3．7％-9．5％，固化剂用量为7．5%-2．5％，表面活性剂用量为3．5％-8.5％，发泡温度控制在70℃-80℃之间时，可制得质量较好的酚醛泡沫塑料。     

连铸中间包绝热板用粘合剂研制

叙述了连铸中间包绝热板用粘合剂的合成方法，对其填充料的选择进行了分析，产品用于连铸中间包绝热板后，取得了较理想的效果。     

尿素改性热塑性酚醛树脂的合成及应用

先用尿素、甲醛合成二羟甲脲，然后在酸性介质下把二羟甲脲滴加在苯酚中反应合成尿素改性的热塑性酚醛树脂。研究了反应浑浊点和二羟甲脲的滴加速度，同时研究了二羟甲脲与苯酚的尿酚比与物料的出料温度、产品产率及树脂理化性能指标的关系。结果表明：（1）二羟甲脲滴加速度的合适范围是0．012－0．029mol/mol.min；（2）本树脂的出料温度为125℃以下；（3）产品收率，游离酚，软化点随尿比的增长而递增，凝胶速度变化不大。另介绍了这种树脂在酚醛模塑料中的应用。