Enhanced thermal shrinkage behavior of phenolic-derived carbon aerogel-reinforced by HNTs with superior compressive strength performance

A novel carbon/m-HNTs composite aerogel was synthesized by introducing the modified halloysite nanotubes (m-HNTs) into phenolic (PR) aerogels through chemical grafting, followed with carbonization treatment. In order to explore the best proportion of HNTs to phenolic, the micromorphology of PR/m-HNTs were investigated by SEM before carbonization, confirming 10 wt% of m-HNTs is most beneficial to the porous network of aerogels. The interaction between PR and HNTs was studied by FTIR spectra, and microstructure evolution of the target product-carbon/m-HNTs composite aerogel were illustrated by SEM and TEM techniques. SEM patterns indicated that the carbon/m-HNTs aerogels maintain a stable porous structure at 1000 °C (carbonization temperature), while a ~20 nm carbon layer was formed around m-HNTs generating an integral unit through TEM analysis. Specific surface area and pore size distribution of composite aerogels were analyzed based on mercury intrusion porosimetry and N₂ adsorption–desorption method, the obtained results stayed around 500 m²g^?1 and 1.00 cm³g^?1 (pore volume) without significant discrepancy, compared with pure aerogel, showing the uniformity of pore size. The weight loss rate (26.76%) decreased greatly compared with pure aerogel, at the same time, the best volumetric shrinkage rate was only 30.83%, contributed by the existence of HNTs supporting the neighbor structure to avoid over-shrinking. The highest compressive strength reached to 4.43 MPa, while the data of pure aerogel was only 1.52 MPa, demonstrating the excellent mechanical property of carbon/m-HNTs aerogels.     

A comprehensive study of hazelnut oil composition with comparisons to other vegetable oils,particularly olive oil.

Crude and refined hazelnut oils from different countries were characterised by major and minor compounds. Fatty acids, triacylglycerides, waxes, sterols, methyl-sterols, terpenic and aliphatic alcohols, tocopherols, tocotrienols and hydrocarbons were identified and quantified by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The levels of these chemical compounds in hazelnut oils together with the equivalent carbon numbers and triacylglyceride carbon numbers, were compared with the results of analyses of samples of other vegetable oils. The statistical procedure of cluster analysis was used to characterise hazelnut oils versus other edible oils.     

硅粉/酚醛制备低成本碳化硅陶瓷复合材料

以低成本的硅粉和酚醛为原料 ,采用浆料浸渍 热压成型 反应烧结法制备了Cf SiC单向板 ,并对工艺条件进行了探讨。制备得到的单向板的弯曲强度达到 45 6 .8MPa ,断裂韧性达到 7.94MPa·m1 2 。     

Antimutagenic activity of natural phenolic compounds present in the common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) against aflatoxin B 1

Polyphenols with antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties are present in fruits, vegetables and legumes. In this study, the Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and TA100 were used in the microsuspension assay to examine the antimutagenic effect of phenolic compounds extracted from the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) against mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ). A dose-response curve was constructed for AFB 1 ; from which a level of 40ng AFB 1 /tube was selected for all antimutagenicity assays. The AFB 1 and phenolic extract (PE) were not toxic to the bacteria at concentrations tested. In the case of PE, results were similar to the number of spontaneous revertants for TA98 and TA100. The inhibitory effect of PE against AFB 1 mutagenicity was dose-dependent at the lower concentrations tested (2.5, 5, 10, 12.5, 15 and 25 μg-equivalent ( + )-catechin/tube for TA98; 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 5, 10 and 25 μg-equivalent ( + )-catechin/ tube for TA100). Further, a two-stage incubation procedure was used to investigate the potential interaction between PE and AFB 1 . The greatest inhibitory effect of the PE on AFB 1 mutagenicity occurred when PE and AFB 1 were incubated together. When the bacteria were first incubated with PE followed by a second incubation with AFB 1 , lower inhibition was observed. Lower inhibition was also observed when the bacteria were first incubated with AFB 1 followed by a second incubation with PE. The results suggest that the mechanism of inhibition could involve the formation of a chemical complex between of PE and AFB 1 .     

Hydrothermal upgrading of wood biomass: Influence of the addition of K2CO3 and cellulose/lignin ratio

The hydrothermal treatment of two different wood biomass samples such as cherry (hard wood) and cypress (soft wood), whose composition is different i.e. lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose were performed at 280 °C for 15 min with aq. K₂CO₃ with different concentrations (0–1 M). The soft wood biomass contains higher lignin content than hard wood biomass. The cellulose rich cherry wood biomass produced higher proportion of acetic acid than cypress. The lignin rich cypress produced the hydrocarbons with major portion of phenolic hydrocarbons and derivatives than cherry. The total oil yields from both cherry and cypress wood biomass produced 50 wt% of liquid hydrocarbons at 280 °C for 15 min with 0.5 M K₂CO₃ solution. The volatility distribution of liquid hydrocarbons showed the characteristic features of soft and hard wood biomasses.     

车用聚丙烯改性材料气味分析及改善措施

针对改性的聚丙烯(PP)材料,探讨了基体PP树脂、吸附剂、后处理工艺以及加香对PP改性材料气味的影响。研究结果表明,选用氢调法PP树脂制得的PP改性材料气味性能优于降解法;吸附剂能一定程度继续提升PP气味;同时材料的后处理对PP改性材料的气味提升有积极作用;最后通过加香措施对PP改性材料味型进行适当的调整,最终改善后的PP材料气味性能合格,并成功应用于某款车型零部件开发。     

三聚氰胺甲醛树脂合成与性能的研究

本文针对三聚氰胺甲醛树脂合成与性能上存在的几个问题，从理论和实践上进行了讨论。     

煤焦油改性酚醛树脂研究

引入含有多环芳烃煤焦油组分来改性酚醛树脂,在反应釜中按一定比例加入苯酚、甲醛、氢氧化钠和煤焦油.在碱性催化剂作用下反应4～7 h,真空脱水,得到了煤焦油改性热固性酚醛树脂.对改性后树脂的固含量、残炭值测定和热失重-差热分析,结果表明煤焦油加入量为苯酚质量的15%时改性树脂具有较大的固含量和残炭值,耐热性也得到了显著提高.     

汽车刹车片用改性酚醛树脂的生产

在原有的酚醛树脂生产设备上，用腰果壳油和三聚氰胺对酚醛树脂进行改性，制得的改性树脂具有较好的软化点、聚合速度、挥发度和游离酚等性能；并且热分解温度较普通酚醛树脂大大提高。用它作胶粘剂生产的汽车刹车片，冲击强度增大：磨损率降低、摩擦性能提高、产品成本也大为降低。     

Separation and identification of phenolic acids and related compounds by gas chromatography and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Phenolic acids and related compounds were separated by gas chromatography using three separate columns. One of these columns was coupled to a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The trimethylsilyl derivatives could be separated and identified by comparing the relative retention times of the three different columns. However, where there was overlap, the accompanying infrared data clearly distinguished between the questionable derivatives, thus enabling characterization of all derivatives.The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this article is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable.