焦炭反应性试验影响因素分析

针对梅山自产焦炭，利用梅山焦炭反应性试验设备，通过改变焦炭块数、CO2流量和温度等控制参数，讨论了这些参数对焦炭反应性和反应后强度检测值的影响，以及保证测定可靠性应采取的控制措施。     

Dissociative adsorption of small molecules at vacancies on the graphite (0 0 0 1) surface

The adsorption of molecular and atomic hydrogen as well as other molecules in the atmosphere on vacancies in the (0 0 0 1) graphite surface are investigated using density functional theory. Atomic hydrogen adsorbs with energies ranging from 4.7 to 2.3 eV. The validity of the model is confirmed by the good agreement between calculated vibrational spectra and those of high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. It is shown that molecular hydrogen dissociates with a barrier of 1.1 eV on this model system. Water and oxygen also dissociate with respective barriers of 1.6 and 0.2 eV. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen have no interaction with the defect whereas carbon monoxide is incorporated into the vacancy with an activation energy of 1.5 eV. A comparison is made with the reactivity of graphene edges, both zigzag and armchair.     

Gasification reactivity of charcoal with CO2. Part I: Conversion and structural phenomena

The gasification reaction of fir charcoal with CO₂ was studied by isothermal thermogravimetric analysis under kinetic control. The derived reaction rate (r=dX/dt) as a function of the converted carbon mass (X) was compared with random pore model predictions and found to be much higher at elevated conversion levels than predicted by theory. Similar enhanced reaction rate behaviour was evidenced after removing the natural alkali catalyst from the charcoal by acid washing, suggesting that with untreated charcoal the late reaction rate contribution stems from both, catalytic and additional structure effects. Literature attributes the unpredicted late reaction rate behaviour to the disintegration of the porous char particle into small fragments, which, in line with percolation theory predictions, seems to occur only after a critical conversion level has been reached. However, our gasification data reveal a gradual rise in the charcoal reactivity thereafter, suggesting a breaking up (embrittlement) of the solid phase accompanied by the exposure of fresh surface area from fracturing. The original random pore model derivation given by Bhatia and Perlmutter is extended to account also for these peculiarities and the resulting kinetic relation described our reaction rate data well over the entire conversion range.     

零功率堆反应性精密调节小型传动系统研制

建立了包括电动推杆机械传动装置、旋转变压器、角位显示器、控制系统、驱动电路等相关内容的小型精密传动系统,在实验室进行了长时间运行考验和传动精度的测量。实验结果表明:小型精密传动系统不仅在体积、传动精度上,同时在控制技术上均能够满足作为零功率堆上反应性连续调节装置的要求。对研制过程做了较详细的阐述。     

焦炭热性能的影响因素探讨

通过对梅山焦炭反应性、反应后强度和配煤质量指标进行的试验分析,结果表明:焦炭灰分、配煤挥发分和胶质层最大厚度Y值是影响焦炭热性能的重要因素,而焦炭的冷强度M40和M10与焦炭热性能没有明显的相关关系。     

Preliminary Investigations On The Reactivity Of Ozone Considering Energy Supplied To Ozone Generators

A simplified engineering analysis developed by investigations of the energy levels and the data of ozone decomposition is presented. Experiments have been conducted by generating ozone from the same ozone generator by two ways and keeping the hydrodynamic conditions identical during ozonation. Ozonation conducted in various media such as gas, gas-liquid and gas-solid supports the assumptions of the presence of excited ozone species and variation in reactivity. The variation in reactivity linked with ozone generation shows an increase in the case of sawdust bleaching. The reactivity is the same for the removal of total organic carbon from water, and a higher ozone decomposition without significant reaction with methyl red solutions and coliform inactivation is observed.     

Exploring the possibilities of using Brazilian subbituminous coals for blast furnace pulverized fuel injection

The current study investigates the combustion and blast furnace injection performance of three Brazilian subbituminous coals (Mina do Recreio) and their beneficiation products using laboratory scale combustion tests. The coals have relative high ash yields (up to 40 wt%) that were reduced stepwise to levels as low as 12 wt%, dry basis. The reduction of ash yields is paralleled by a significant decrease in sulphur and inertinite contents.The combustion tests were performed in a drop tube reactor operating at 1300 °C using two different atmospheres (2.5 and 5% O₂). The chars exhibited preferentially rounded shapes with thick walls and abundant secondary porosity for the 2.5% O₂ chars, whereas the 5% O₂ chars showed very thin walls as a consequence of extensive burnout. The intrinsic reactivities of both set of chars were similar. The differences in conversion between the two working atmospheres were 24-37% and roughly tend to increase with increasing mineral matter content. Conversions as high as 76-81% were reached operating under 5% O₂ indicating that the coals are easy to burn. The small differences in burnout among the coals and their beneficiation products cannot be clearly attributed neither to mineral matter or inertinite content. A rough inverse relationship was found between the intrinsic reactivity of the chars and the inertinite content of the parent coal indicating that the char material derived from inertinite was intrinsically less reactive than that derived from vitrinite. These differences were no longer relevant at high temperature.Blast furnace injection performance was studied through thermobalance experiments using CO₂ atmosphere and 1050 °C temperature. It is apparent that the beneficiation process has no effect on the reactivity of the coals from Recreio Mine. The only exception is the low ash coal-2-LabB (11.5 wt%), for which a higher reactivity is indicated. The reactivity tests show also that the coals have adequate properties to be used together with imported coal blends in pulverized coal injection in the blast furnace (PCI).     

苯乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯微乳液共聚物链段分布的研究

以苯乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯(St/BA)为共聚单体,进行了微乳液聚合反应,测定了共聚物组成和共聚单体的竞聚率。由竞聚率计算了共聚物分子的链段分布,分析了共聚物分子的微观结构。     

Fluorination of pressure-polymerized C60 phases

The reactivity of O-, T- and R-phases of the high pressure-high temperature (HPHT) polymerized C₆₀ towards gaseous fluorine in the temperature range of 50-250 °C was investigated. The reaction products were characterized by FTIR, powder X-ray diffraction, SEM, EDX, and VTP-EIMS to determine the bulk stoichiometries, bonding patterns, phase compositions, crystalline structures and thermal decomposition behavior of the fluorinated polymers. At 1 h isothermal treatment duration, fluorinated products with various bulk stoichiometries were obtained from different polymer phases with the R-phase showing the highest fluorine uptake. At 250 °C, all C₆₀ polymers showed partial decomposition to unfluorinated C₆₀ monomer under fluorine atmosphere. At 200 °C, the fluorination of R-phase yielded a pure fluoropolymer most likely having a {C₆₀F_x}_n (x = 36-44) composition. The same fluoropolymer was presumably obtained from O- and T-phases in lower yields. The linear chain structure was suggested for this new fluorocarbon polymer in agreement with the molecular mechanics modeling calculations.     

The prospect of mox fuel based PbBi cooled small nuclear power reactors

Safety performance of MOX fuel based PbBi cooled small fast power reactors has been analyzed and discussed. Though the thermal conductivity of MOX fuel is not large relative to that of nitride or metal fuel, but by proper combination of relatively small power density and relatively large natural circulation it can compensate fuel temperature decrease with coolant temperature increase smartly during unprotected loss of flow accident. Under such condition, accident analysis discussed in this paper show that under unprotected total loss of flow (ULOF) accident the reactor can survive inherently using combination of reactivity feedback. For unprotected rod run out transient over power (UTOP) accident the MOX reactor can overcome external reactivity by smaller power increase compared to that of nitride fueled reactors case. In this case doppler feedback plays much more important role compared to radial expansion component. So the MOX fueled small power reactors discussed here can survive both UTOP and ULOF accident with still enough temperature margin.