An investigation into the cause of loss of containment from the supply of mini-bulk lubricants

An Intermediate Bulk Container (IBC) was punctured during its handling, releasing oil onto soil at an environmentally-sensitive region of Australia. The telehandler did not pierce the plastic of the IBC directly (as was expected) but rather one of the tynes had caught on the underside of the metal base plate, despite numerous controls being in place at time of spill, revealing a previously unreported mechanism for a fluid spill from handling of petroleum hydrocarbons. The diverse investigation team used a root cause analysis (RCA) technique to identify the underlying cause: the inspection process was inadequate with contributing factors of not using a spotter and design of IBC did not anticipate conditions. Engineering controls were put in place as part of the change management process to help prevent spills from occurring from piercing from telehandler tynes on the current project site.     

腐殖酸对烤烟根系生长和生理活性的影响

对腐殖酸和基肥混施进行了烤烟盆栽试验。结果表明 ,腐殖酸能有效刺激根系的生理活性 ,提高根系抗坏血酸氧化酶、多酚氧化酶等呼吸酶的活性 ,增强根系的活力 ,并能有效促进烤烟根系生长 ,根干重、体积和长度均有提高。     

微波处理对离体黄瓜子叶生根和根活力的影响

用辐射功率200W微波（2450MHz）处理6～16，明显促进离体黄瓜子叶生根．根长和根鲜重增加。不同辐射强度和辐服时间对离体黄瓜子叶生根有不同影响。用TTC法测定，微波处理后与根活力相关的OD值比对照体增加了。用温箱模拟FISO微波炉功率为200W的温度，不同处理时间处理离体黄瓜子叶，没有发现促进生根。说明在一定条件下，微波辐射处理离体黄瓜子叶促进生根．主要是微波的辐射效应。     

Modeling and assimilation of root zone soil moisture using remote sensing observations in Walnut Gulch Watershed during SMEX04

Soil moisture status in the root zone is an important component of the water cycle at all spatial scales (e.g., point, field, catchment, watershed, and region). In this study, the spatio-temporal evolution of root zone soil moisture of the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) in Arizona was investigated during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 (SMEX04). Root zone soil moisture was estimated via assimilation of aircraft-based remotely sensed surface soil moisture into a distributed Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant (SWAP) model. An ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) based on a Kalman filtering scheme was used for assimilating the aircraft-based soil moisture observations at a spatial resolution of 800 m × 800 m. The SWAP model inputs were derived from the SSURGO soil database, LAI (Leaf Area Index) data from SMEX04 database, and data from meteorological stations/rain gauges at the WGEW. Model predictions are presented in terms of temporal evolution of soil moisture probability density function at various depths across the WGEW. The assimilation of the remotely sensed surface soil moisture observations had limited influence on the profile soil moisture. More specifically, root zone soil moisture depended mostly on the soil type. Modeled soil moisture profile estimates were compared to field measurements made periodically during the experiment at the ground based soil moisture stations in the watershed. Comparisons showed that the ground-based soil moisture observations at various depths were within ± 1 standard deviation of the modeled profile soil moisture. Density plots of root zone soil moisture at various depths in the WGEW exhibited multi-modal variations due to the uneven distribution of precipitation and the heterogeneity of soil types and soil layers across the watershed.     

阜阳电厂粉煤灰综合利用可行性研究

结合阜阳地区实际情况，从目前成熟的粉煤灰利用途径中，选择制水泥、建粉磨站、生产非煅烧粉煤灰轻骨料、轻质小砌块，以及筑路回填、灰场种植等处理利用项目，达到节约土地并获得好的经济效益和环境效益     

局部施肥对植株生长及根系形态的影响

本文论述了局部施肥对植株地上部与地下部的影响。局部施肥促进了施肥区根系的发达 ,第一侧根与第二侧根较多 ,根的吸收表面积增多 ,根鲜重增加 ,对养分的吸收能力增强 ,但整个根系与地上部的干鲜重下降。     

A survey of nitrate and nitrite content of fruit and vegetables grown in Slovenia during 1996-2002

Monitoring of nitrate (NO₃^-) and nitrite (NO₂^-) content in agricultural products in Slovenia has been carried out since 1996. The results of monitoring over the period 1996-2002 are presented. During this time 924 samples of 14 different agricultural products (potato, lettuce, apples, carrot, silage maize, cabbage, grapes, peaches, string beans, cereals, pears, cucumbers, strawberries and tomato) were analysed. The samples were taken at the time of maturity directly from growing sites and they were analysed using segmented flow analysis. The average nitrate contents were the highest in lettuce (1074 mg kg^-1), cabbage (881 mg kg^-1), string beans (298 mg kg^-1) and carrot (264 mg kg^-1), and they were moderately high in potato (158 mg kg^-1), silage maize (122 mg kg^-1), strawberries (94 mg kg^-1), cucumbers (93 mg kg^-1) and cereals (49 mg kg^-1). Low nitrate contents (below 6 mg kg^-1) were found in fruit (grapes, peaches, apples and pears) and tomato. With the exception of cereals (8.9 mg kg^-1), apples (1.5 mg kg^-1), potato (1.2 mg kg^-1) and pears (1.0 mg kg^-1) the content of nitrites did not exceed 0.5 mg kg^-1. It may be concluded that the results of the monitoring were in most cases similar to the results of investigations obtained in other countries.     

Increase of N2O Fluxes in Agricultural Peat and Sandy Soil under Elevated CO2 Concentration: Concomitant Changes in Soil Moisture, Groundwater Table and Biomass Production of Phleum pratense

The effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration on soil moisture, N₂O fluxes, and biomass production of Phleum pratense were studied in the laboratory. Farmed peat and sandy soil mesocosms sown with P. pratense were fertilized with a commercial fertilizer. In peat soil 10 g N m⁻² of commercial fertilizer were added and in sandy soil 15 g N m⁻². In both experiments, soil moisture was regulated with deionized water; 18 mesocosms were tended to keep equally moist, and the other 18 were watered with equal amounts of water. Nine mesocosms from both watering treatments were grown under ambient (360 μmol mol⁻¹) CO₂ concentration and the remaining nine under doubled (720 μmol mol⁻¹) CO₂. N₂O efflux was monitored using a closed chamber technique and a gas chromatograph. The elevated supply of CO₂ increased production of above- and belowground biomass, soil moisture and N₂O fluxes, but decreased the total N content in the aboveground biomass, especially for the sandy soil. In similar water levels, N₂O efflux from the sandy soil was the same magnitude as that from the peat soil. In addition to moisture, N availability was the main limiting factor for N₂O production, but C availability also seemed to regulate the denitrification activity. In addition to an increase in C availability the increase in the N₂O efflux under the raised CO₂ concentration also required a simultaneous increase in soil moisture.     

An easy pot incubation method for measuring nitrogen mineralization from easily decomposable organic material under well defined conditions

A pot incubation method for measuring mineralization dynamics from fresh plant material was tested. The aim was to develop a method which under well-defined conditions could produce mineralization data suited for estimating model input parameters for nitrogen prediction models. The results showed that the water tension of the soil could be controlled easily and precisely by diffusion through porous ceramic cups, and that nitrogen mineralization or immobilization could be measured already after 15 days at 15°C. The results showed that for the incubated catch crop residues carbon, nitrogen and nitrate-N contents were the most important factors determining mineralization. No significant effects ould be ascribed to other parameters measured.     

基于中位数的用户信誉度排名算法

针对推荐系统易受Spammer攻击的影响,从而导致对象的实际得分不准确的问题,提出基于中位数的用户信誉度排名算法。通过衡量用户信誉度调整用户打分权重,根据中位数具有不易受极端打分影响的特性,选取用户打分与对象得分差距的中位数作为降低用户信誉度的标准,不断迭代调整用户信誉度以及最终得分直至收敛。在多个真实数据集上的运行结果证明,相比现有排名算法,该算法具有更合理的信誉度分布和更高的排名结果准确度,通过该算法预处理后的数据集在SVD++上运行可以得到更低的均方根误差。