煤 /重油加氢共炼中SDBS对煤担载铁镍催化剂的改性效果

以广西褐煤为载体煤,铁盐和镍盐为活性组分,考察了以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)作为表面活性剂,对沉淀-氧化法制备煤担载型铁镍催化剂(FeNi/C)的影响以及制备的催化剂在煤/重油加氢共炼中的反应性能。采用XRD和TEM分析了FeNi和FeNi-SDBS的物相组成与微观形貌变化,并以SEM-mapping手段对比了Fe元素和Ni元素在FeNi/C及FeNi-SDBS/C表面的分散效果,采用高压釜实验评价了不同催化剂的反应性能,并对反应后的固体产物采用元素分析、FTIR和SEM进行组成和结构性质研究。结果表明:SDBS的加入显著降低了催化剂的平均粒径,α/γ-FeOOH和Fe0.67Ni0.33OOH等活性相的晶体结构特征减弱,在载体煤上得到了更好的分散效果;FeNi-SDBS/C催化剂相比FeNi/C催化剂有更高的油收率和干基无灰煤转化率,催化活性明显提高;采用SDBS改性的催化剂反应后得到固体产物的n(H)∶n(C)高、脂肪链长度低、芳环取代度大、结构疏松且平均粒径小,表面改性后的FeNi-SDBS/C催化剂拥有更强的促进煤加氢转化和抑制体系缩合生焦的作用。     

Ratiometric Interactions of Anionic Surfactants with Calf Thymus DNA Bound Cationic Surfactants: Study II

Cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) bind to the calf thymus DNA (ct‐DNA) like anionic biopolymers electrostatically, and establish equilibrium in aqueous medium at pH 7. At low concentration, ct‐DNA does not interact with anionic surfactants, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecylbenzylsulfonate (SDBS). However, in the ground state, anionic surfactant is found to clearly establish equilibrium with ct‐DNA‐bound cationic surfactant whereby the same surfactant–DNA isosbestic point reappears. We herein report a detail ratiometric binding of CPB with ct‐DNA, and interaction of anionic SDBS with DNA‐bound CPB in comparison with the combined ct‐DNA–CTAB–SDS system. Compaction of ct‐DNA in presence of CPB and its decompaction using anionic SDBS is also studied in comparison with CTAB–SDS combination. The techniques used are tensiometry, spectrophotometry, viscometry, cyclic voltammetry, circular dichroism, isothermal titration calorimetry, and density functional theory (DFT)‐based computational calculations. The size and surface charge density of the surfactant headgroups and the phosphate group in DNA have a contributing role in the DNA compaction–decompaction phenomenon.     

水力条件对混凝处理含表面活性剂原水的影响

以含1mg/L十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）、浊度为20NTU的高岭土悬浊液为研究对象,投加聚合铝（PAC）进行强化混凝实验,结果表明：PAC的最佳投药量为30～40mg／L,偏碱性条件有利于浊度去除,而偏酸性条件SDBS去除率较高;混合阶段搅拌速度对SDBS去除率影响显著,G=265s^-1,T=30S,而絮凝阶段搅拌时间是影响浊度去除的主要因素,G=23s^-1,T=25min。这时余浊低于0．5NTU,SDBS去除率达56％,絮体大而密实,不易破碎,分维值较高。纳米SiO2能进一步改善最优水力条件下PAC的强化混凝效果,SDBS去除率可高于70％。     

SDBS/TTAC混合表面活性剂双水相体系性质的研究

研究了十四烷基三甲基氯化铵(TTAC)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)混合表面活性剂水溶液双水相体系的性质,测定了分相区域并绘制了相图,以色氨酸为对象研究了双水相体系的萃取作用。实验结果表明,20~40℃,n(SDBS)∶n(TTAC)=(1.6∶1)~(1∶4)可以形成双水相;TTAC过量区双水相上下相体积比随TTAC摩尔分数的增大而减小,加入正丁醇后分相速度加快,可在12 m in内分相,上下相体积比增大;电导率曲线与偏光显微镜图片表明,TTAC过量区双水相下相存在松散的液晶结构。该文报道工作的新颖性已为科学技术部西南信息中心查新中心2007年8月16日出具的第J 20071385号《科技查新报告》所证实。     

不同浓度、pH值SDBS压裂液对页岩储层特性影响研究

在页岩储层压裂过程中,不同浓度、不同pH值的SDBS压裂液体系会直接影响页岩储层稳定性,进而影响造缝性能。通过实验分析了页岩储层在不同浓度、pH值的SDBS压裂液作用下的膨胀抑制性、润湿反转性能。实验结果表明:0.02%SDBS压裂液下页岩储层的膨胀变形最小、膨胀变形速率最慢,即膨胀抑制效果最好;0.03%SDBS压裂液下页岩的润湿性改造最好,接触角为30°。pH值为8的SDBS压裂液对炭质页岩的膨胀变形和膨胀速率起到了最佳的抑制作用;pH值为9的SDBS压裂液对炭质页岩的润湿反转起到了最好的效果,接触角为31.6°。综合分析认为不同浓度、不同pH值的SDBS压裂液对页岩储层特性影响差异较大,说明在对页岩储层的开发利用中,调整SDBS浓度和pH值对提高页岩气开采效果是可行的。     

The Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate on Particle Size in Suspension Polymerization of Styrene: A New Investigation

It is well known that inorganic solids can be used for droplet stabilization in suspension polymerization. This work investigates the effect of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as an inorganic stabilizer and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as a surface active agent for suspension polymerization of styrene. The results show that when large amounts of TCP is used, the amount of SDBS has no effect on particle size. The effect of concentration of SDBS will be very important if a small amount of TCP is used. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that TCP is adsorbed on the surface of monomer droplets and also the coalescence factor changes with concentration of SDBS in the solution.     

Investigation on rapid degradation of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) under microwave irradiation in the presence of modified activated carbon powder with ferreous sulfate

The modification of activated carbon powder (ACP) with ferreous sulfate and the degradation of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) under microwave irradiation combined with the modified ACP were studied in this work. The research results showed that the catalytic activity of the modified ACP depended on the concentration and acidity of ferreous sulfate solution as well as immersing time. Also, the influences of irradiation time, initial concentration and acidity of SDBS solution and addition amount of modified ACP on the degradation were assessed. UV-vis spectra, FT-IR spectra, ionic chromatography, HPLC and TOC technologies were brought to bear in assessing the modification and the degradation processes. For modified ACP, under given conditions such as 100 mg/L SDBS solution, 1.20 g/L catalyst dose and pH = 6.0, a high degradation ratio (75.5%) was obtained for 25 mL solution within 90 s microwave irradiation, while it was only 59.59% for unmodified ACP. Furthermore, the degradation ratios could reach 100% by the appropriate increase of addition dose (e.g. 2.80 g/L) of modified ACP or the extension of irradiation time (e.g. 230 s). Whereas, for unmodified ACP, the corresponding degradation ratios were only 88.71% or 83.54%, respectively. Hence, it can be concluded that the method adopting microwave irradiation combined with the modified ACP reveals many advantages of rapid degradation rate, low cost, no residual intermediates and no secondary pollution in actual application.     

DTAB/SDBS囊泡为模板制备P-ISOAC柔性中空微球

利用十二烷基三甲基溴化铵/十二烷基苯磺酸钠（DTAB/SDBS）自发形成稳定的囊泡为模板,将单体丙烯酸异辛酯（ISOAC）引入模板后聚合形成聚丙烯酸异辛酯（P-ISOAC）柔性中空微球。用电位分析仪、负染色透射电镜等对囊泡模板及已聚合的囊泡体系进行表征。结果表明,用DTAB/SDBS囊泡模板能成功地制备成聚丙烯酸异辛酯...     

Protection efficiencies of surface-active inhibitors in zinc-air batteries

Zinc (Zn) particles in alkaline electrolyte of a Zn-air battery (ZAB) are unstable and prone to corrosion. Zinc oxide (ZnO) generated on the surface of Zn particles affects the electrochemical reactions and reduces the battery efficiency. Thus, inhibiting the self-corrosion rate of Zn particles has become acritical issue for the development of these batteries. In this study, a research endeavor has been attempted by employing three types and concentrations of organic inhibitors in ZABs to constrain Zn anode corrosion. Significant analyses like polarization curve, constant current discharge, AC impedance, and dendrite growth are executed for in-depth understanding of the influences of these inhibitors. The experimental results reveal that the inhibiting efficiency of 10 wt% Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate surpassed polyethylene glycol 600 (PEG 600) and polysorbate 20 (Tween 20), with a maximum current density of 476.20 mA/cm² and voltage output of 1.4 V along with discharge capacitance of 10.31 Ah for 2 hours and 8 minutes. Zn anode surface analysis exposes significant dendrite growth and elemental Zn required for passivation suppression. Nevertheless, the results are also justified by Nyquist and Bode plots. Thus, the selected inhibitor will proficiently guarantee the enhanced performance and stability of the ZABs obtained and provide enormous opportunities for its applications.     

纳米锐钛型TiO2催化超声降解SDBS溶液

十二烷基笨磺酸钠（SDBS）是一种具有代表性的表面活性剂,由于大量的使用而成为环境污染的主要污染源之一。本文采用纳米锐钛型TiO2作催化剂,使用低功率超声降解水中的SDBS。同时也考察了SDBS溶液的初始浓度、TiO2催化剂的加入量、溶液初始pH值、反应温度、超声波的频率和功率以及TiO2催化剂的使用次数等因素对降解率的影响。在SDBS水溶液初始浓度50．00mg／L,纳米锐钛型TiO：催化剂用量为750mg／L,超声波频率40kHz,输出功率50w,温度40℃,pH为3．00的条件下,通过导数分光光度法测定,120min内几乎全部降解。反应动力学研究显示,SDBS超声降解为一级反应。可见纳米锐钛型TiO2催化超声降解有机污染物的方法具有很好的应用前景。