Electro-organic synthesis without supporting electrolyte: Possibilities of solid polymer electrolyte technology

The application of ion exchange membranes as solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) in fuel cells is state-of-the-art. This technology needs no supporting electrolyte; consequently it can be applied for electro-organic syntheses in order to save process steps. In this case the process is not predetermined to a maximized energy efficiency so that the selection of the cell design, of the electrode materials and of the operating conditions can be focused on a high selectivity of the electrode reactions. The electro-osmotic stream, which is caused by the solvation shells of the ions during their migration through the membrane, and hence is a typical property of SPE technology, has a significant effect on the electrode reactions. It generates enhanced mass transfer at the electrodes, which is beneficial for reaction selectivity. It can be influenced by the choice of, and possibly by the preparation of, the membrane. An additional remarkable advantage of SPE technology is the exceptional long durability of oxide coated electrodes. By combination of several process engineering methods stable operation of SPE cells has been realized, even for examples of non-aqueous reaction systems. Experiments up to 6000 h duration and in cells of up to 250 cm² membrane area show the potential for industrial application.     

CHARACTERIZATION OF Si_(1-x-y)Ge_xC_y FILMS GROWN BY ION IMPLANTATION AND SUBSEQUENT SOLID PHASE EPITAXY

Si1-x-yGexCy ternary alloy films were grown on monocrystalline silicon substrates by C ion implantation and subsequent solid phase epitaxy (SPE). Two-step anneal-ing technique was employed in the SPE. The structure and electrical properties of the alloy films were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and van der Pauw Hall measurements, respectively. With the optimization of two-step anneal-ing technique for the implanted Si1-x-yGexCy layers, a certain amount of C atoms occupied substitutional sites and no SiC was formed.     

Composite anion exchange membrane for alkaline direct methanol fuel cell: Structural and electrochemical characterization

A copolymer of 4‐vinylpyridine (4‐VP) and styrene was synthesized by radical mass polymerization using 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. An insoluble (linear) pyridinium‐type polymer was prepared by the reaction of P (4VP–St) with 1‐bromooctane. An anion exchange membrane was prepared using a composite of pyridinium‐type polymer and a fibrous woven structure for use in electrochemistry. The composite membrane was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, tensile strength, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemistry measurements. The experimental results showed that the fibrous woven product had improved the tensile strength more than had the membrane made of a pyridinium‐type polymer alone. The composite membrane was used in alkaline fuel cells, and its properties were measured by electrochemical analysis. The ionic conductivity of the membrane was acceptable, but its performance as a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) was not. The primary reason for this was analyzed, and research is ongoing, with analysis to be discussed in later reports. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2248–2251, 2006     

黄芩苷标样制备及其固相萃取-HPLC测定研究

采用超声波振荡-醇提取酸沉淀法代替传统的水提酸沉淀法从黄芩中提取黄芩苷粗品,再经分步精制得其纯品,同时提出了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定黄芩饮片以及几种中药制中黄芩苷含量的新方法;根据待测样品的差异,选择不同的前处理手段,采用W aters P lus-C18小柱固相萃取预分离,以CH3OH-H2O-HAc为流动相,测试样品中的黄芩苷得以分离和测定。新方法标准回收率92%~103%,RSD为1.4%~12.2%。     

SPE-GC-MS方法分析城市生活污水中多氯联苯的研究

要得到城市生活污水中多氯联苯的准确含量,必须选择合适的前处理方法.采用C18固相萃取柱富集生活污水中的PCBs,选择最佳用量为10 mL的组合萃取剂丙酮+正己烷(体积比为1∶1)进行萃取,结合浓硫酸洗涤、硅胶柱层析净化和无水硫酸钠干燥的方式深度提取PCBs;以EPA推荐的7种PCBs为外标物,采用GC-MS法对样品中的PCBs进行定性和定量分析.结果表明:城市生活污水中7种PCBs总量为27.75 ng/L.分析方法的相对标准偏差为1.6%~8.8%,回收率为84%~103%,检测限达到0.014μg/L.     

SPE 水电解槽阳极温度场数值模拟

基于计算流体动力学原理建立了蛇形流道固体聚合物电解质(SPE)水电解槽阳极的三维稳态气液混合两相流动数学模型,应用通用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件fluent进行了数值模拟,得到了电解槽阳极的温度分布特点,分析了不同流道宽度、肋宽和流道深度对电解槽阳极温度分布的影响,为电解槽阳极流场板的优化设计提供一定的参考。     

AgNO3浓度对SPE电极镀覆纳米Ag的影响

采用浸渍还原法(I-R法)在Nafion离子膜上镀覆纳米Ag,并就AgNO3浓度对SPE电极镀覆纳米银的影响作了研究.研究表明采用I-R法可制得细致Ag镀层,有效增加Ag的分散度及电极的真实面积.在还原剂浓度为0.1mol·L-1,浸渍还原温度均为50℃及浸渍还原时间分别为40 min,60 min的条件下,调节浸渍液AgNO3浓度至3.5 mmol·L-1时,可获得致密、均匀的纳米级Ag/SPE电极.同时验证砂纸糙化的预处理有利于增加Ag的负载和附着力,有利于提高Ag催化层的有效面积.     

纳米Ir／SPE电极的制备及其影响因素

首次选用镍作为中间催化剂,采用吸附还原成长法制备纳米Ir/SPE电极,并就镀浴温度和pH值、H2IrCl6浓度、NaBH4与H2IrCl6配比对电极制备的影响作了深入研究。研究表明:采用吸附还原成长法,以Ni作为中间催化剂,浓度为22mmol·L-1NaBH4与浓度为6mmol·L-1H2IrCl6的混合液作为镀浴,亦即NaBH4与H2IrCl6配比为3.6,pH值为8,镀浴温度为40℃,镀浴时间为24h的条件下,循环镀覆3次,可获得致密、均匀,具有良好电解性能的纳米级Ir/SPE电极。     

基于统计过程控制-COQUALMO的软件测试过程研究

由于软件测试过程的不稳定性给项目管理带来极大风险,根据SPE统计思想,把COQUALMO模型作为预期值的估算模型,引入SPE—COQUALMO控制图,对软件测试过程中对引入缺陷种类和数量进行监控,为项目经理在管理项目中提供客观数据进行决策。     

基于XML数据的通用路径表达式的查询

查询重写是数据库研究的一个基本问题,它和查询优化、数据仓库、数据集成、语义缓存等数据库问题密切相关。同时,查询重写也是在关系数据库中存储和查询XML数据的关键问题。由于XML数据是元素嵌套和元素引用的,嵌套层数可以任意,并且模式和数据混合,因此XML的查询会涉及到广义路径表达式(GPE)。文中着重研究了如何解决XML数据的查询重写的方案,把含有广义路径表达式的XML查询语句重写为含有简单路径表达式(SPE)的XML查询语句,再转化为基于关系数据库的SQL语句。