湿法磷酸净化及其盐类生产技术:3.化学净化WPA肥、饲钙和磷酸盐联产新技术

简述化学法除去湿法磷酸(WPA)杂质净化原理及其净化过程;分析传统净化WPA生产三聚磷酸钠(STPP)的技术之不足;介绍不用钡盐脱硫减少硫酸用量、回收氟硅酸盐、节约原辅材料消耗等新技术。WPA化学净化肥、饲钙和磷酸盐联产新技术的优势是:降低生产饲钙和磷酸盐的原料和能源消耗,提高WPA使用和其净化副产物利用的附加值,提高产品质量和经济效益。该新技术的能耗和生产成本比以黄磷(P4)为原料或溶剂净化WPA下降10%～40%。新技术也可用于磷酸钾、磷酸铵盐生产。     

Synergistic effect of some antiscalants as corrosion inhibitor for industrial cooling water system

In order to study synergistic effect, various combinations of antiscalants 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP), sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), and trisodium phosphate (TSP), were investigated as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel. Corrosion rate and percentage inhibition efficiency of various combinations of antiscalants as corrosion inhibitors (20/80, 40/60, 60/40, 50/50, 80/20, and 100 ppm of different combinations of HEDP, SHMP, STPP, and TSP) in synthetic cooling water VI (692 ppm of Cl⁻ ions) was determined by weight loss, electrochemical polarization technique, and metallurgical microscopy technique. It was observed that a 50/50 ppm combination of HEDP and SHMP gave 98% corrosion inhibition efficiency and maximum synergistic effect. The percentage inhibition efficiency of HEDP when mixed with other antiscalants as corrosion inhibitors at 50/50 ppm concentration was found in the following order HEDP/SHMP > HEDP/STPP > HEDP/TSP. The synergistic effect of HEDP/SHMP combination is due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the molecules of HEDP and SHMP, which results in the adsorption of uniform multilayered two-dimensional film of –HEDP–SHMP– molecules on carbon steel surface.     

ZnO纳米片生长过程的研究

本文研究了以碱式硫酸锌为前驱体,三聚磷酸钠为表面改性介质,水热法获得ZnO片状结构的形成机理以及工艺参数对ZnO晶体形貌的影响,运用场发射扫描电镜、透射电镜等手段对所得ZnO粉末进行表征,结果表明:磷酸根可以修饰ZnO晶体的生长形貌,限制沿c轴方向的快速生长,而向二维空间发展形成片状结构.改变三聚磷酸钠的浓度和水热溶液pH值,所得ZnO晶体的形貌发生变化,当三聚磷酸钠的浓度为0.1 mol/L,pH值为9～10时,180℃水热28 h可获得厚度小于50nm0的六角形片状ZnO晶体.     

对转炉一步法五钠生产系统的改造及探讨

20世纪80年代,我国建设了一批小型三聚磷酸钠装置,针对生产中出现的问题,对供热系统、催化剂添加方式、转炉结构,成品输送与冷却方式进行了改进,使转炉一步法五钠生产稳定,改造后装置的综合能耗约为改造前的84%,介绍了各项改进措施,并提出尚存在的问题。     

五钠生产中Ⅰ,Ⅱ型含量的工艺控制

简述了五钠生产中Ⅰ、Ⅱ两种昌型的理化性质差异以及生产中工艺控制的几个主要方面。     

Detergency of binary mixtures of LAS/STPP and LAS/Zeolites: influence of (Ca++) on the washing liquor

The influence of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) or zeolites on the detergency performance of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) has been evaluated at different water hardness levels. This study demonstrates that STPP or zeolite behaves either as a sequestrant or through an important synergism with LAS, showing a minimum and a maximum in detergency performance, depending on the water hardness level. There is an optimum LAS/builder ratio for each individual water hardness level. This optimum has to be determined experimentally as it will not always necessarily coincide with the highest surfactant and/or builder concentrations.     

助洗剂WHY的合成工艺研究

助洗剂ＷＨＹ由马来酸酐钠盐（ＭＡ－Ｎａ２）、丙烯酸钠盐（ＡＡ－Ｎａ）经溶液聚合而得。用正交试验法和综合平衡法得到助洗剂ＷＨＹ的最佳合成工艺条件：反应时间５ｈ、反应温度７０℃、单体摩尔比ＭＡ－Ｎａ２：ＡＡ－Ｎａ＝１：３、引发剂用量０．８％。助洗剂ＷＨＹ具有良好的钙螯合能力和去污助洗能力，是ＳＴＰＰ的理想代用品。     

Effects of grinding aids on the grinding kinetics and surface morphological characterization of quartz

The kinetic parameters of a grinding process can be used to study the variations in particle size reductions and grinding efficiencies. Appropriate grinding aids usually change the surfaces of a material and the properties of the pulp, thus improving the grinding efficiency. In this paper, pure quartz samples with mixed particle sizes and single particle sizes were selected as the raw materials. The effects of different sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and citric acid (CA) dosages on the dynamic parameters k, selection function S₁ and breakage function B for quartz grinding were studied. The results showed that the STPP and CA enhanced the grinding process of the quartz. In other words, the parameter k, the selection function S₁ and the breakage function B were all increased to varying degrees. The results of SEM, BET and contact angle measurements showed that the surfaces of the quartz particles became rounder, the specific surface area and average pore size increased, and the surface hydrophilicity increased. As a result, the grindability of the quartz increased, and the grinding kinetic parameters changed. Finally, the results showed that the improvements in the quartz grindability were consistent with the influence of grinding aids on the kinetic parameter k, selection function S₁ and breakage function B_i,1.     

湿法磷酸制取三聚磷酸钠新工艺的研究

通过改变传统的结晶方法,开发了一种以湿法磷酸来制取三聚磷酸钠的新工艺。其步骤为:(1)湿法磷酸净化;(2)净化后的磷酸与碳酸钠中和反应生成磷酸一氢钠和磷酸二氢钠混合盐溶液;(3)用酸、碱调节确定该混合盐溶液的中和度;(4)加入有机溶剂,通过不断地搅拌使晶体快速析出;(5)晶体经高温聚合,生成高品质的三聚磷酸钠。实验确定的最佳工艺条件为:中和度61%～66%;聚合温度430℃;聚合时间30min。这种新的结晶方法具有快速、简便地使晶体析出的特点,并且晶体细致均匀,产量质量好。