伤寒-鼠伤寒基因重组菌株Vi4072与伤寒Ty2株和枸橼酸杆菌的Vi抗原比较

将来源于枸橼酸杆菌编码产生Vi抗原的ViaB基因片段,通过基因重组技术引入减毒的鼠伤寒杆菌而组建的Vi4072重组株与伤寒沙门氏菌Ty2株和枸橼酸杆菌的Vi抗原,通过琼脂双向扩散试验、被动血凝试验、对BALB/c小鼠的免疫力试验以及对Vi抗原分子的化学元素含量、红外光谱、超导核磁C谱、H谱分析测试。结果表明上述三种菌株产生的Vi抗原其血清学特性、免疫保护作用及化学分子结构等基本相同。且Vi4072重组株表达Vi抗原量高于伤寒Ty2株。     

HPLC法测定丹参叶茶中丹酚酸B的含量

目的:采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对丹参叶茶中的保健因子丹酚酸B的含量进行检测,为丹参叶茶的保健功能提供依据。方法:采用Phenomenex Prodigy ODS3-C18色谱柱(4.60×250mm,5μm)进行分离;流动相为甲醇-乙腈-甲酸-水(30:10:1:59);检测波长为286nm;流速为1.0ml.min-1。结果:丹酚酸B在0.67～2.68μg间线性关系良好(r=0.9989,n=6),平均回收率为99.14%。丹参叶茶的丹酚酸B的含量相对较高,平均含量为2.42%。结论:本检测方法简便易行,适用于丹参叶茶中丹酚酸B的含量检测;丹酚酸B是热不稳定物质,但经丹参叶茶高温炒制工艺后其含量较高,仍具有较好的保健功能。     

Removal of endosulfan by sal wood charcoal

The removal efficiency of endosulfan from water by two low cost adsorbents viz. sal wood (Shorea robusta, family-Diptero carpaceae) charcoal and sand along with activated charcoal as the reference was investigated. For the selection of the suitable adsorbent for endosulfan uptake, the maximum adsorption capacity (Q(max)) was chosen as the main parameter. Using linearized forms of equilibrium models like Langmuir, BET, Freundlich, the maximum adsorptive capacities were determined. It was observed that the efficiency for removal of pesticide is higher in activated charcoal with 94% followed by sand 90%. The efficiency of sal wood charcoal is moderately high with 87% which can be regenerated after treatment with dilute HCl and HNO(3). Though the efficiency of sand is better than sal wood charcoal, it cannot be regenerated.     

Synthesis of Thumba,Castor and Sal Fatty Ethanolamide-Based Anionic Surfactants

The study involved the preparation and evaluation of anionic surfactants from non-edible oil based thumba (containing unsaturated-rich fatty acids, 80.9 %), castor (containing ricinoleic acid, a hydroxy fatty acid 89.3 %) and sal (containing saturated-rich fatty acids, 56.5 %). The oils extracted from these seeds (using Soxhlet) were reacted with monoethanolamine and diethanolamine to get corresponding fatty mono- and diethanolamides. The ethanolamides were sulfated using chlorosulfonic acid and the sulfated sodium salts were evaluated for surfactant properties namely surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC), emulsifying property, wetting, foaming power and calcium tolerance. The properties were compared with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) a well known anionic surfactant. Among the different sulfated sodium salts of ethanolamides, thumba showed superior surfactant properties compared to castor and sal. Sulfated sodium salt of thumba monoethanolamide showed better properties (CMC, 0.035 mmol/L, surface tension 30.2 mN/m and calcium tolerance >1,000 ml, 0.5 % calcium acetate solution) compared to sulfated sodium salts of thumba diethanolamides, followed by sulfated sodium salts of castor monoethanolamide (CMC 0.037 mmol/L, surface tension 35.3 mN/m and calcium tolerance >1,000 ml, 0.5 % calcium acetate solution). Sal being saturated rich was not properly soluble in water and showed poor surfactant properties compared to the other two. Also the sulfated sodium salts of thumba and castor ethanolamides exhibited superior properties compared to SDS.     

Enhanced lipase production from Aeromonas sp. S1 using Sal deoiled seed cake as novel natural substrate for potential application in dairy wastewater treatment

BACKGROUND: Sal (Shorea robusta) deoiled seed cake extract (SDOCE) was assessed for its suitability as a cheap natural substrate for lipase production under submerged fermentation. The bacterial isolate Aeromonas sp. S1 isolated from dairy industry was used for lipase production. Both the isolate and its lipase were shown to be potential tools for treatment of dairy wastewater containing higher organic load. RESULTS: On substituting tributyrin with SDOCE, lipase production was enhanced 24‐fold (195 U mL^?1) compared with the initial 8.13 U mL^?1 lipase activity. Maximum lipase production was obtained at pH 8.0 and incubation temperature 30 °C. The lipase had pH and temperature optima of 10.0 and 55 °C, respectively. The isolate and its crude enzyme preparation were checked separately for applicability in dairy wastewater treatment. The isolate was able to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 93%, oil and grease (O&G) by 75%, and total suspended solids (TSS) by 47% after 96 h of treatment. Enzymatic preparation gave 86% reduction of COD after 12 h and 75 and 45% reduction of O&G and TSS, respectively, after 96 h of treatment. CONCLUSION: Overall, the study shows the usefulness of Sal seed deoiled cake, a cheap agro‐industrial by‐product for the production of lipase. The isolate and its lipase can also be used effectively for the treatment of dairy wastewater. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Medium chain and behenic acid incorporated structured lipids from sal,mango and kokum fats by lipase acidolysis

Medium chain (MC) and behenic fatty acids were incorporated into kokum, sal and mango fats using 1,3-specific lipase catalysed acidolysis. The incorporation of fatty acids increased with increase in concentration of fatty acids and duration of reaction. The order of incorporation of fatty acids was C22:0 > C10:0 > C8:0, to the extent of 53%, 42.5%, 35.8%, respectively, after 16 h, using kokum as substrate. The same trend was observed with sal or mango fats as substrates though the percentages incorporated were different. The modified products with higher contents of MC were liquids with no solid fats, even at 0 °C, and which showed low cloud point due to an increase in triacylglycerols containing lower chain fatty acids. The modified products after incorporating both MC and C22:0 showed long melting ranges and were suitable for use in bakery, confectionery, etc. as vanaspati substitutes.     

Assessment of land grabbing from protected forest areas of Bhawal National Park in Bangladesh

Land grabbing has become the major problem in all the protected forest areas of Bangladesh during the last two decades. The study was conducted in Bhawal National Park, the tropical moist deciduous Sal (Shorea robusta C.F. Gaertn) forest ecosystem of Bangladesh. This area is going through a critical situation caused by industrial revolution. Already, 255.3 ha forest lands have been grabbed by 354 illegal industrial set-ups from the study area. In this study, grabbing of protected forestland by industries, their types, future grabbing trends, increasing population inside the forest area, causal factors of grabbing and impact on biodiversity have been analysed. Increasing practical conservation efforts supported by strong political will and ordinance for specific areas is essential to conserve the protected areas. Community-based conservation approaches need to be applied for mass awareness regarding the value of this ecosystem for sustainability.