High-surface-area mesoporous silica-yttria-zirconia ceramic materials prepared by coprecipitation method ― the role of silicon

A high surface area is one of desired properties for yttria-zirconia (Y₂O₃–ZrO₂) ceramic materials given their catalytic applications. The objective of this study is to develop high-surface-area Y₂O₃–ZrO₂ materials by silicon (Si) modification and investigate the role of Si. Si-modified yttrium-zirconium hydroxides were prepared via a one-step precipitation process and calcined at 800 or 950 °C to form Si-modified Y₂O₃–ZrO₂ (denoted as SiO₂–Y₂O₃–ZrO₂) materials containing 0-20 wt% Si as SiO₂. These hydroxides or materials were characterized by ²⁹Si NMR, XPS, TG-DSC, XRD, UV Raman, TEM, and N₂ physisorption measurements. Si species uniformly distributed in the hydroxides tended to be enriched on the material surface at high temperatures. These Si species dominated by the silicates blocked the migration of Y and Zr atoms, which resisted the crystallite growth of Y₂O₃–ZrO₂ components and reduced their crystallite size. Therefore, the SiO₂–Y₂O₃–ZrO₂ possessed a surface area of 59-112 m²/g after calcination at 950 °C for 9 h, which was significantly higher than that of the Y₂O₃–ZrO₂ (23 m²/g). This study may stimulate ideas for developing high-surface-area crystalline ceramic materials calcined at high temperatures.     

Biomineralization,strength and cytocompatibility improvement of bredigite scaffolds through doping/coating

Coprecipitation-derived, sacrificial polymeric (urethane) foam-fabricated bredigite (Ca₇MgSi₄O₁₆) scaffolds were processed by individual and combined treatments of fluoride doping and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) coating and then studied in terms of structure, mechanical strength, bioactivity and cell biocompatibility in vitro. According to scanning electron microscopy and Archimedes porosimetry, the geometrical characteristics of pores for all the scaffolds are in the appropriate range for hard tissue regeneration applications. The apatite-formation ability of the samples immersed in a simulated body fluid is improved by doping for both the bare and coated conditions, based on microscopic and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analyses. Both the treatments advantageously buffer physiological pH changes imposed due to the fast bioresorption of the ceramic. Also, the biodegradable PLGA coating typically enhances the compressive strength of the scaffolds, which is critical for bone tissue engineering. In accordance with the MTT assay on osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) cultures, both the processes individually enhance the cell viability, while the highest improvement is obtained for the combined application of them. It is finally concluded that fluoride doping and PLGA coating are impressive approaches to improve the bioperformance of bredigite-based scaffolds.     

玉米生产施用锰渣混配肥的肥效试验

电解金属锰渣含有丰富的矿物质营养元素,将其处理加工成锰渣混配肥,在农作物生产中应用能促进作物的生长和提高产量,是可以开发的新型肥料资源.     

合成氨催化剂的生产和技术

介绍了世界合成氨催化剂发展历程、新开发的合成氨催化剂种类 ,同时评述了我国化肥催化剂研发和生产近况 ,对我国化肥催化剂性能进行了评价。     

有机-无机复合肥生产工艺

随着社会经济快速发展和城乡环境的污染已日趋严重。根据有机肥、无机肥各自的优缺点提出有机-无机肥生产的新工艺。     

膨润土凝胶调剖剂XJF的研制及应用

介绍了调剖剂XJF的配方,讨论了影响调剖剂性能的配方因素(膨润土含量、HPAM溶液浓度、XJ用量及添加剂Fc的浓度),考察了封堵能力和应用范围,简介了在火烧山油田现场试验的结果。     

涂硫尿素

涂硫尿素（ＳＣＵ）是一种缓效氮肥，是在普通尿素外面喷涂硫、密封剂和调理剂而制成。它在国外已成功使用多年．本文叙述了涂硫尿素的性质、生产过程、肥效和经济效益，供国内读者参考。     

The current and residual value of superphosphate for lupins grown in rotation with oats and wheat on a deep sandy soil

In a field experiment on a deep pale-yellow sand in a 600 mm per annum rainfall Mediterranean environment of south-western Australia, six levels of phosphorus (P) as superphosphate (O up to 546 kg P ha^–1) were applied once only, to the soil surface, before sowing lupins (Lupinus angustifolius). The lupins were grown in a continuous arable cropping rotation with, in successive years, oats (Avena sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), lupins. Five such rotations were started in the experiment from 1985 to 1989. The experiment continued until the end of 1990.The relationship between lupin seed (grain) yields and the level of P applied was measured in the year of P application for five successive years (1985 to 1989). The relationship had the same general form but it varied between years, largely due to different maximum yields (yield plateaux) in each year.The residual value of superphosphate applied three years previously was measured for lupins on two occasions (1988 and 1989) relative to superphosphate applied in the current year. The residual values was different in the two years. The superphosphate applied three years previously was about 30% as effective as freshly applied superphosphate in 1988, and 12% as effective in 1989.At each harvest, the relationship between grain yield and the P concentration in the grain differed for different species. However, for each species at each harvest, the relationship was similar regardless of when the P was applied in the previous years. Thus each species had the same internal efficiency of P use curve, and yields varied only with P concentration in tissue.Bicarbonate-extractable soil P was determined on soil samples taken in mid-July of 1989 and 1990. These soil test values were related to grain yields at harvest. The relationship between yield and soil test values had the same general form but varied for different species within years and for each species between years. It also varied for each species within years depending on the year the P was applied.     

氮肥工业与21世纪的生物能源

介绍近年来美国生物能源的开发进展情况及其先进的支撑系统，提出如何使我国氮肥工业在发展我国生物能源中起促进作用。     

肥料中有机质分析方法的探讨

探讨肥料中有机质的分析方法。通过对两个肥料标准中有机质的分析方法进行比较，对各标准中有机质检验过程中的影响因素进行了分析，确定了本地区有机肥料中有机质适宜的分析方法。