Effect of Narrow Oxirane Adduct Distribution on the Adsorption of Disodium Alcohol Ethoxylates Sulfosuccinate at Air–Aqueous Solution Interface

Adsorption behaviors at the air–water interface were presented for disodium alcohol ethoxylate sulfosuccinates (AESS) with narrow and broad oxirane adduct distribution. The CMC and equilibrium surface tension γ_eq of broad‐range distributed (BRD) and narrow‐range distributed (NRD) AESS₂ (with average degrees of ethoxylation of 2) were measured by the Wilhelmy plate method, while the adsorption and thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The effect of temperature and inorganic electrolyte on adsorption behaviors of these two surfactants was also investigated. The results show that NRD AESS₂ displays a lower CMC and higher γ_eq compared with BRD AESS₂. At the same time, the maximum surface excess concentration Γ_max of NRD AESS₂ was lower than that of BRD AESS₂ because of its larger steric hindrance, leading to the different adsorption and thermodynamic parameters. The adsorption of NRD AESS₂ and BRD AESS₂ was weakened with increasing temperature and enhanced in the presence of inorganic electrolyte.     

采用有机盐─石膏脱硫剂的烟气脱硫新工艺

介绍一种利用有机羧酸盐作为吸收剂、以熟石灰作还原剂的烟气脱硫系统，在日本投入生产运行，其脱硫效率达９０％以上。     

Equilibrium and Dynamic Surface Properties of Sulfosuccinate Surfactants

The equilibrium and dynamic surface tension of three sulfosuccinate surfactants at the air/aqueous solution interface were investigated. Wilhelmy plate method was used to determine critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the equilibrium surface tension (γ _eq). The dynamic surface tensions in the range 10–100 s were measured by maximum bubble pressure method. The well-known Ward–Tordai equation was employed to analyze the adsorption of the sulfosuccinate surfactants. The parameters and effective diffusion coefficients (D _eff) of dynamic surface tension have been calculated and analyzed. The equilibrium surface tension results showed that disodium laureth (3) sulfosuccinate (AEO₃-SS), disodium laureth (6) sulfosuccinate (AEO₆-SS) and disodium alkyl ethoxy glucoside sulfosuccinate (AEG-SS) are surfactants possessing strong surface activity, adsorbing to the interface rapidly and their γ _eq values were in the range 25–32 mN/m. CMC of the three surfactants increases with the number of hydrophilic groups and AEO₃-SS has the lowest CMC. According to the values of some dynamic surface tension parameters, AEG-SS is the most hydrophilic surfactant of them and AEO₃-SS is energetically more favorable to adsorb to the interface than the others. According to Ward–Tordai equation, the D _eff values were calculated, the adsorption mechanism was diffusion controlled at short times and toward the end good evidence was found for an activated-diffusion mechanism with an energy barrier.     

Composition of Commercial Bis(2‐ethylhexyl) Sulfosuccinate Surfactant By‐Products and their Effects on an Agrochemical Formulation

Sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (known as AOT) is a commercially available surfactant commonly used in agrochemicals. Besides the principal diester surfactant, the commercial AOT product contains two surface‐active isomeric monoester by‐products, which may influence the surfactant's overall properties. This work investigates whether the purity of the surfactant affects its ability to stabilize an agrochemical formulation. The concentrations of the diester and two monoester impurities in batches of commercial AOT product from several suppliers were determined quantitatively by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The tested batches showed different contents of the monoesters. Samples of a model agrochemical formulation containing the AOT product formed more sediment during storage when the content of monoesters in the surfactant was high. The supplier of an commercial AOT product could be traced by analysis of the monoester content of either the raw product or the aged agrochemical formulation.     

OPS-1乳化剂的合成及应用

以壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、顺丁烯二酸酐、无水亚硫酸钠为原料合成了壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚琥珀酸酯磺酸二钠盐,研究了反应温度和反应时间对酯化反应和磺化反应的影响,探讨了产品在乳液聚合等方面的应用     

脂肪酸三乙醇胺单酯琥珀酸磺酸盐的制备及表面活性

以三乙醇胺、长链脂肪酸为原料,先经酯化、柱色谱提纯得到脂肪酸三乙醇胺单酯(FTME),再经磺化反应合成了4种脂肪酸三乙醇胺单酯琥珀酸酯磺酸盐(FTMS)两性表面活性剂,以月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸为脂肪酸合成的FTMS分别命名为FTMS-1、FTMS-2、FTMS-3、FTMS-4,通过FTIR与1HNMR表征了其结构,分别用碱性亚甲基蓝法和酸性溴酚蓝法验证了产物的离子性,并考察了FTMS结构中的烷基链长度及其不饱和度对表面张力、Krafft点、样品液粒径及粒径分布、乳化能力的影响。实验结果表明：产物显示出两性离子的特征;在系列FTMS中,随着脂肪链碳数增加,其Krafft点升高,平均粒径逐渐增大,但脂肪链中的不饱和双键有助于Krafft点的降低和粒径的减小。FTMS-1和FTMS-4具有优异的表面活性,其中FTMS-1的临界胶束质量浓度(CMC)为52.97mg/L,表面张力γCMC为36.1mN/m,其乳化能力（分离时间为148.8s）与AEO-9（分离时间为139.0s）相当且优于十二烷基磺酸钠(分离时间为113.8s)。     

N-己烷基琥珀酸酰胺磺酸钠的合成、性能与应用

制备了N-己烷基琥珀酸酰胺磺酸钠(HMSS),合成工艺条件为:N(正己胺):N(顺酐)=1.10:1.00,于80℃下酰胺化反应1.5小时;N(亚硫酸钠):N(顺酐)=1.05:1.00,于100℃下磺化6小时。测得产物的表面张力、临界胶束浓度、乳化力、钙皂分散力、去污力分别为:36.6×10-3N/m,1.16×10-3mol/L,51.2s,25％和99.4％,测试了其在洗毛和羊毛染色中的应用性能。