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1.
Nicole Jacqueline Jensen Helena Zander Wodschow Malin Nilsson Jrgen Rungby 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(22)
Under normal physiological conditions the brain primarily utilizes glucose for ATP generation. However, in situations where glucose is sparse, e.g., during prolonged fasting, ketone bodies become an important energy source for the brain. The brain’s utilization of ketones seems to depend mainly on the concentration in the blood, thus many dietary approaches such as ketogenic diets, ingestion of ketogenic medium-chain fatty acids or exogenous ketones, facilitate significant changes in the brain’s metabolism. Therefore, these approaches may ameliorate the energy crisis in neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by a deterioration of the brain’s glucose metabolism, providing a therapeutic advantage in these diseases. Most clinical studies examining the neuroprotective role of ketone bodies have been conducted in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, where brain imaging studies support the notion of enhancing brain energy metabolism with ketones. Likewise, a few studies show modest functional improvements in patients with Parkinson’s disease and cognitive benefits in patients with—or at risk of—Alzheimer’s disease after ketogenic interventions. Here, we summarize current knowledge on how ketogenic interventions support brain metabolism and discuss the therapeutic role of ketones in neurodegenerative disease, emphasizing clinical data. 相似文献
2.
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. The disease and its treatments exert profound effects on an individual’s physical and mental health. There are many factors that impact an individual’s risk of developing breast cancer, their response to treatments, and their risk of recurrence. The community of microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract, the gut microbiota, affects human health through metabolic, neural, and endocrine signaling, and immune activity. It is through these mechanisms that the gut microbiota appears to influence breast cancer risk, response to treatment, and recurrence. A disrupted gut microbiota or state of ‘dysbiosis’ can contribute to a biological environment associated with higher risk for cancer development as well as contribute to negative treatment side-effects. Many cancer treatments have been shown to shift the gut microbiota toward dysbiosis; however, the microbiota can also be positively manipulated through diet, prebiotic and probiotic supplementation, and exercise. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the current understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiota and breast cancer and to highlight potential strategies for modulation of the gut microbiota that could lead to improved clinical outcomes and overall health in this population. 相似文献
3.
Francesco Di Girolamo Andrea Masotti Isabella Lante Margherita Scapaticci Cosima Damiana Calvano Carlo Zambonin Maurizio Muraca Lorenza Putignani 《International journal of molecular sciences》2015,16(9):20896-20912
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) with its nutraceutical characteristics substantially contributes as a major nutrient to the health benefit of the Mediterranean diet. Unfortunately, the adulteration of EVOO with less expensive oils (e.g., peanut and corn oils), has become one of the biggest source of agricultural fraud in the European Union, with important health implications for consumers, mainly due to the introduction of seed oil-derived allergens causing, especially in children, severe food allergy phenomena. In this regard, revealing adulterations of EVOO is of fundamental importance for health care and prevention reasons, especially in children. To this aim, effective analytical methods to assess EVOO purity are necessary. Here, we propose a simple, rapid, robust and very sensitive method for non-specialized mass spectrometric laboratory, based on the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) coupled to unsupervised hierarchical clustering (UHC), principal component (PCA) and Pearson’s correlation analyses, to reveal corn oil (CO) adulterations in EVOO at very low levels (down to 0.5%). 相似文献
4.
Early impact of a fat-enriched diet on behavioral responses of male and female rats. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Prolonged high-fat diets have been shown to affect an organism's stress responsiveness at the neuroendocrine level. In the present study, the authors used a 7-day protocol of fat administration in adult rats of both sexes to investigate the early behavioral impact of a moderately fat (20%) diet, often used by Western societies, on rats' reaction to acute stress and novelty. Their results show that this diet can reduce the rats' active behavioral responses to subsequent stressors and influence their corticosterone secretion. Fat-fed male rats adopted a less active behavior to cope with forced swimming stress, whereas their exploratory behavior in the open field environment was rather increased compared with chow-fed males. Fat-fed female rats exhibited a less active behavioral response to both stress paradigms compared with their chow-fed counterparts. Fat diet abolished facilitation in corticosterone secretion following a subsequent stressor in both sexes. However, only in males did fat diet exaggerate corticosterone response to novelty, irrespective of the previous stress history of the rat. These data indicate that a short-term metabolic stress can modify the rats' stress coping strategy in interaction with the gender. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
5.
Ilaria Zuliani Chiara Lanzillotta Antonella Tramutola Eugenio Barone Marzia Perluigi Serena Rinaldo Alessio Paone Francesca Cutruzzol Francesco Bellanti Matteo Spinelli Francesca Natale Salvatore Fusco Claudio Grassi Fabio Di Domenico 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(7)
The disturbance of protein O-GlcNAcylation is emerging as a possible link between altered brain metabolism and the progression of neurodegeneration. As observed in brains with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), flaws of the cerebral glucose uptake translate into reduced protein O-GlcNAcylation, which promote the formation of pathological hallmarks. A high-fat diet (HFD) is known to foster metabolic dysregulation and insulin resistance in the brain and such effects have been associated with the reduction of cognitive performances. Remarkably, a significant role in HFD-related cognitive decline might be played by aberrant protein O-GlcNAcylation by triggering the development of AD signature and mitochondrial impairment. Our data support the impairment of total protein O-GlcNAcylation profile both in the brain of mice subjected to a 6-week high-fat-diet (HFD) and in our in vitro transposition on SH-SY5Y cells. The reduction of protein O-GlcNAcylation was associated with the development of insulin resistance, induced by overfeeding (i.e., defective insulin signaling and reduced mitochondrial activity), which promoted the dysregulation of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) flux, through the AMPK-driven reduction of GFAT1 activation. Further, we observed that a HFD induced the selective impairment of O-GlcNAcylated-tau and of O-GlcNAcylated-Complex I subunit NDUFB8, thus resulting in tau toxicity and reduced respiratory chain functionality respectively, highlighting the involvement of this posttranslational modification in the neurodegenerative process. 相似文献
6.
Theories of plant chemical defenses discriminate between quantitative digestibility reducers (e.g., tannins) and qualitative toxins (e.g., alkaloids). Since the differential effect on taste of these compounds is poorly known, we recorded ingestive responses of a primate species, Microcebus murinus, to four tannin-rich plant extracts and to quinine, by using the behavioral method of the two-bottle test. The efficiency of tannic extracts at precipitating protein was measured with the blue BSA method. Inhibition taste thresholds for tannins added to a moderately sweet solution varied between 0.25 and 2 g/l. The threshold for quinine hydrochloride was 0.32 g/l. The profiles of the response/concentration curves established for these astringent and bitter substances were similar, with maximal inhibition of consumption occurring for near-threshold concentrations. The large amounts of quinine required to deter this small-bodied species from feeding were unexpected, given its unspecialized frugivorous/insectivorous diet. We propose that the taste responses of Microcebus to tannins have been shaped in relation to the widespread occurrence of efficient polyphenols in food plants, while low responsiveness to quinine reflects a low risk of ingesting toxic alkaloids when feeding on ripe fruits and insects. 相似文献
7.
Colin?WilbornEmail author Jacqueline?Beckham Bill?Campbell Travis?Harvey Melyn?Galbreath Paul?La Bounty Erika?Nassar Jennifer?Wismann Richard?Kreider 《Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition》2005,2(2):4-31
Obesity and its associated disorders are a growing epidemic across the world. Many genetic, physiological, and behavioral
factors play a role in the etiology of obesity. Diet and exercise are known to play a valuable role in the treatment and prevention
of obesity and associated disorders such as hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes. Therefore, the purpose of this review
is to examine the prevalence, etiology, consequences, and treatment of obesity. 相似文献
8.
张宇 《四川烹饪高等专科学校学报》2014,(3):16-19
五千多年的灿烂文明造就了中国饮食文化的广博与精深。人们愿意为饮食而津津乐道,也愿意为追求美食而乐此不疲。饮食既是普通之事,又是文化的体现。千百年来,无数文人墨客、达官贵人甚至是平民百姓,将自身的学识和经历,兴趣和爱好与饮食一一结合,创造了博大精深的饮食文化,精食与雅食便是其中璀璨的明珠,在中国饮食文化中熠熠生辉。 相似文献
9.
姚伟钧 《四川烹饪高等专科学校学报》2014,(6):4-7
在漫长的历史与独特的地理生态环境中,中国形成了人与自然和谐发展的饮食养生文化,中国传统岁时饮食养生文化具有丰富而又和谐、多样而又统一的特点,带有浓郁的地域色彩。文章对中国饮食养生的基本原则和楚地、吴地岁时饮食养生民俗作了较为全面的探讨,由此反映了这些地域深厚的文化传统。 相似文献
10.
隐喻不仅是一种修辞手法,而且是一种思维方式和文化反映。英、汉语中存在大量饮食隐喻,英汉饮食隐喻虽有共性,但更多的是存在差异。探讨英汉饮食隐喻存在的差异以及引起这些差异的文化原因,对加深认识隐喻、了解中西文化差异以及成功进行跨文化交际具有积极的意义。 相似文献