Two new aluminophosphates, IST-1 and IST-2: First examples of a dual templating role of water and methylamine in generating microporous structures

This study is aimed at exploring the ability of very small sized N-bearing molecules to generate and stabilize microporous aluminophosphates. Two new AlPO₄-n materials, called IST-1 and IST-2, have been obtained in aqueous media using, as main template, methylamine (MA), directly added, or generated in situ from methylformamide (MF) degradation. While IST-1 topology proved to be novel, IST-2 appears structurally related to AlPO₄-53(A). The obtained materials were characterized by powder XRD, TG/DSC, SEM and solid-state NMR. Tetraalkylammonium (TEA) cations were used as potential co-templates but only MA and water were found incorporated in the pore volumes of both structures, which argues for their true templating role. In IST-1, ¹³C solid-state NMR studies showed that half of MA species, presumably protonated, is H-bonded to framework oxygens while the other half surprisingly bonds directly to framework Al atoms. ¹³C NMR showed that only protonated MA occurs in IST-2 channels. TEA⁺ cations definitely do not play any specific template role. They indirectly favor the crystallization of IST-1 or IST-2 devoid from other crystalline or amorphous side phases, by interacting with part of the Al and P in solution and forming soluble [AlPO₄(OH)]–[TEA,HMA] complexes, substantially modifying the compositions of gels precursors to each phase during nucleation and/or growth steps. While both IST-1 and IST-2 crystallize from gels of similar initial compositions, it was demonstrated that the new MA/T ratio (T = Al or P) obtained after in situ complexation was the key parameter that specifically governs the crystallization of each phase.     

模板剂对SAPO-34分子筛性能的影响研究

采用XRD、SEM、NH3-TPD等方法深入研究了以三乙胺(TEA)、四乙基氢氧化铵(TEAOH)及二者的混合物为模板剂合成的产物的结构及物化性能。并以甲醇为探针分子,在固定床反应器上对合成产物在甲醇制取烯烃(MTO)反应中的催化性能进行了评价。结果表明,模板剂的种类及配比对所得产物的晶相结构、晶粒大小、酸强度、酸量以及催化性能有重要影响。双模板体系中,当TEAOH/ TEA=0.037～0.186时,可以得到纯SAPO-34分子筛;且当TEAOH/TEA=0.093时,得到的SAPO-34分子筛晶粒较小(1.0μm左右)且均匀,酸度适中,低碳烯烃(C2=～C4=)的选择性94.98%,催化寿命415min,较单独以TEA(TEA/Al2O3=2.15)或TEAOH(TEA/Al2O3=2.0)为模板剂合成的催化剂的低碳选择性 (88.22%和89.29%)和寿命(170min和165min)均有明显提高,且积炭速率(0.016%/min)明显降低。     

Crystallization behavior of zeolite beta from acid-leached metakaolin

Well-crystallized zeolite beta was synthesized by using acid-leached metakaolin as the silica-alumina source and tetraethylammonium hydroxide structure-directing agent. The influence of the composition of the reaction mixture on product crystallinity was investigated, and the crystallization process was studied by examining solid samples obtained at different synthesis times. Results showed that the acid-leached metakaolin was fully converted into soluble aluminum and silicon species, which is crucial for the formation of well-crystallized zeolite beta. At the beginning of the crystallization process, these soluble aluminum and silicon species formed a aluminum-rich intermediate structure with layer morphology. With the crystallization proceeding, more silicon species were incorporated into the zeolite beta framework and the layered structure was changed into spherical particles of zeolite beta with high SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio and crystallinity.     

模板剂对SAPO-34分子筛性能的影响

采用XRD、SEM、NH3-TPD等方法研究了以三乙胺(TEA)、四乙基氢氧化铵(TEAOH)及二者的混合物为模板剂合成的产物的结构及物化性能,并以甲醇为探针分子,在固定床反应器上对合成产物在甲醇制取烯烃(MTO)反应中的催化性能进行了评价。结果表明,模板剂的种类及配比对所得产物的晶相结构、晶粒大小、酸强度、酸量以及催化性能有重要影响。双模板体系中,当n(TEAOH)/n(TEA)=0.037～0.186时,得到纯相SAPO-34分子筛;且当n(TEAOH)/n(TEA)=0.093时,得到的SAPO-34分子筛晶粒较小(1.0μm左右)且均匀,酸度适中,低碳烯烃(C2=～C4=)的选择性94.98%,催化寿命415min,较单独以TEA〔n(TEA)/n(Al2O3)=2.15〕或TEAOH〔n(TEAOH)/n(Al2O3)=2.0〕为模板剂合成的催化剂的低碳选择性(88.22%和89.29%)和寿命(170min和165min)均有明显提高,且积炭速率(0.016%/min)明显降低。     

四乙基氢氧化铵改性对HMOR分子筛结构及二甲醚羰基化性能的影响

合成气经二甲醚（DME）羰基化合成乙酸甲酯（MA）,MA进一步加氢制备乙醇是一种新型高效的煤基合成气制备乙醇路线。采用温和的后处理方法改性DME羰基化分子筛,进一步提高DME羰基化效率,对其工业应用具有重要意义。本研究利用四乙基氢氧化铵（TEAOH）对HMOR分子筛改性处理,探讨了有机碱改性处理对HMOR分子筛的结构和DME羰基化催化性能的影响。研究发现,TEAOH浓度为0.3 mol/L时,HMOR分子筛介孔孔容增大约26%,外比表面积增大约10%,DME的转化率增幅达68%。TEAOH水解产生的OH^-能够温和脱除HMOR分子筛中的骨架硅,获得介-微多级孔结构,提高DME羰基化反应过程中的传质速率。此外,水解的TEA⁺在分子筛表面富集,抑制了OH^-的过度脱硅,保护分子筛基本骨架结构不被更深层次破坏。     

四乙基氢氧化铵后晶化处理对ZSM-5分子筛结构及其甲醇制丙烯催化性能的影响

采用四乙基氢氧化铵（TEAOH）溶液对以四丙基氢氧化铵（TPAOH）为模板剂合成的高硅ZSM 5分子筛进行“后晶化”处理,制得晶内扩孔的多级孔ZSM 5分子筛。采用X 射线衍射仪（XRD）、N2物理吸附、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、氨气程序升温脱附仪（NH3 TPD）等对母体及改性后的ZSM 5分子筛进行物化性能表征,并采用固定床微反应装置考察其在甲醇制丙烯（MTP）反应中的催化性能。结果表明,TEAOH后晶化处理使高硅ZSM 5分子筛形成晶内介孔,在相对结晶度保留较高的同时,介孔孔容增加超过50%,成为具有微、介孔结构的多级孔分子筛。在反应温度480℃、反应压力01 MPa、甲醇/水质量比1/1、甲醇质量空速45 h-1的条件下,多级孔ZSM 5分子筛的丙烯碳基收率比母体ZSM 5分子筛略有提高,寿命由改性前的25 h增加至100 h。