Effect of processing steps on the physico-chemical properties of dried-seasoned squid

The effects of processing steps on the physico-chemical properties of dried-seasoned squid were studied using two kinds of squids. Browning was observed as indicated by an increase in yellowness (b^∗ value) during the semi-drying and roasting step. The temperature and time of heating and type of roasting, as well as the material itself were the key factors influencing the browning. A high level of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), and low contents of trimethylamine (TMA) and dimethylamine (DMA) were detected in the raw material. TMAO gradually decreased during the processing, while TMA, DMA and formaldehyde (FA) increased significantly especially in boiled meat. The temperature of boiling was the most crucial factor impacting the production of FA. FA could be greatly decreased during the cooling process by washing with water or changing the roasting techniques. Therefore, to improve the quality of dried-seasoned squid, more attention should be paid to the temperature and roasting techniques during the processing.     

蓝莓叶多酚单体化合物对TMAO-Fe(II)体系中TMAO热分解的影响

以氧化三甲胺-铁(Ⅱ)(trimethylamine oxide-Fe(Ⅱ),TMAO-Fe(Ⅱ))体外体系为研究对象,研究蓝莓叶多酚单体化合物对TMAO热分解的影响,并从自由基角度研究其反应机制。结果表明:蓝莓叶多酚单体化合物抑制TMAO-Fe(Ⅱ)体系中TMAO的热分解,显著降低体系中三甲胺、二甲胺和甲醛含量。质量分数越大,抑制效果越显著,槲皮素-3-D-半乳糖苷抑制效果优于绿原酸;随温度的升高,绿原酸和槲皮素-3-D-半乳糖苷对TMAO热分解有显著抑制作用。加热时间小于75 min,绿原酸和槲皮素-3-D-半乳糖苷抑制效果显著。槲皮素-3-D-半乳糖苷和绿原酸p H值分别为8.0和5.0时,抑制TMAO热分解效果最好。TMAO-Fe(Ⅱ)体系中TMAO的热分解过程中产生了自由基,绿原酸和槲皮素-3-D-半乳糖苷能够抑制自由基的产生,质量分数越高,则(CH3)3N自由基信号越弱;绿原酸和槲皮素-3-D-半乳糖苷通过抑制自由基的产生来抑制甲醛的形成。     

同位素稀释高压液相色谱-串联质谱法测定 鱼虾中丙酸睾酮残留量

目的 采用高压液相色谱-串联质谱(high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS/MS)快速检测鱼虾等水产品中丙酸睾酮残留。方法 向捣碎匀浆后的样品中加入内标诺龙-D3混匀后, 叔丁基甲醚超声提取, 80 ℃冷冻30 min后12000 r/min离心净化。以Eclipse Plus C18为色谱分离柱, 以乙腈0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相, 流速为0.3 mL/min, 采用三重四极杆质谱在正离子模式下进行选择反应离子监测。结果 丙酸睾酮在0.5~100 ng/mL范围内呈线性关系, 相关系数为0.9989; 方法定量限为0.5 μg/kg。当添加水平为0.5~10.0 μg/kg时, 平均回收率为71.2%~104.5%, 相对标准偏差为2.26%~5.65%。结论 该方法操作简单、快速、灵敏度高, 适用于快速检测水产品中丙酸睾酮的残留量。     

TMAO Suppresses Megalin Expression and Albumin Uptake in Human Proximal Tubular Cells Via PI3K and ERK Signaling

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a uremic toxin, which has been associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal tubular epithelial cells play a central role in the pathophysiology of CKD. Megalin is an albumin-binding surface receptor on tubular epithelial cells, which is indispensable for urine protein reabsorption. To date, no studies have investigated the effect of TMAO on megalin expression and the functional properties of human tubular epithelial cells. The aim of this study was first to identify the functional effect of TMAO on human renal proximal tubular cells and second, to unravel the effects of TMAO on megalin-cubilin receptor expression. We found through global gene expression analysis that TMAO was associated with kidney disease. The microarray analysis also showed that megalin expression was suppressed by TMAO, which was also validated at the gene and protein level. High glucose and TMAO was shown to downregulate megalin expression and albumin uptake similarly. We also found that TMAO suppressed megalin expression via PI3K and ERK signaling. Furthermore, we showed that candesartan, dapagliflozin and enalaprilat counteracted the suppressive effect of TMAO on megalin expression. Our results may further help us unravel the role of TMAO in CKD development and to identify new therapeutic targets to counteract TMAOs effects.     

Intake of up to 3 Eggs/Day Increases HDL Cholesterol and Plasma Choline While Plasma Trimethylamine-<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-oxide is Unchanged in a Healthy Population

Eggs are a source of cholesterol and choline and may impact plasma lipids and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) concentrations, which are biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Therefore, the effects of increasing egg intake (0, 1, 2, and 3 eggs/day) on these and other CVD risk biomarkers were evaluated in a young, healthy population. Thirty-eight subjects [19 men/19 women, 24.1 ± 2.2 years, body mass index (BMI) 24.3 ± 2.5 kg/m²] participated in this 14-week crossover intervention. Participants underwent a 2-week washout with no egg consumption, followed by intake of 1, 2, and 3 eggs/day for 4 weeks each. Anthropometric data, blood pressure (BP), dietary records, and plasma biomarkers (lipids, glucose, choline, and TMAO) were measured during each intervention phase. BMI, waist circumference, systolic BP, plasma glucose, and plasma triacylglycerol did not change throughout the intervention. Diastolic BP decreased with egg intake (P < 0.05). Compared to 0 eggs/day, intake of 1 egg/day increased HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) (P < 0.05), and decreased LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) (P < 0.05) and the LDL-c/HDL-c ratio (P < 0.01). With intake of 2–3 eggs/day, these changes were maintained. Plasma choline increased dose-dependently with egg intake (P < 0.0001) while fasting plasma TMAO was unchanged. These results indicate that in a healthy population, consuming up to 3 eggs/day results in an overall beneficial effect on biomarkers associated with CVD risk, as documented by increased HDL-c, a reduced LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, and increased plasma choline in combination with no change in plasma LDL-c or TMAO concentrations.     

热处理对鱿鱼上清液中氧化三甲胺降解的影响

氧化三甲胺(Trimethylamine N-oxide,TMAO)是水产品中的一种天然鲜味成分,但在不同条件的影响下也会分解为有害物质,对人体健康造成影响.为研究鱿鱼上清液在热处理过程中TMAO的降解对氨基酸和还原糖的影响,测定了反应前后鱿鱼上清液中甲醛(Formaldehyde,FA)、二甲胺(Dimethylam...