三羟甲基丙烷缩合工艺的研究

介绍了三羟甲基丙烷的缩合反应机理及在缩合反应中所发生的副反应，用反应动力学理论讨论了影响缩合反应的各种因素，并列出了在40L反应釜中所进行的缩合试验结果，提出了缩合的最佳工艺条件，结合国内外生产装置的实际，提出了采用最佳缩合工艺条件所需进行的改造措施，以有效地降低原料消耗和提高产品质量。     

Continuum electrostatic approach for evaluating positions and interactions of proteins in a bilayer membrane

Orientations of proteins in the membranes are crucial to their function and stability. Unfortunately the exact positions of these proteins in the lipid bilayer are mostly undetermined. Here, the spatial orientation of membrane proteins within the lipid membrane was evaluated using a Poisson–Boltzmann solvent continuum approach to calculate the electrostatic free energy of the protein solvation at various orientations in an implicit bilayer. The solvation energy was obtained by computing the difference in electrostatic energies of the protein in water and in lipid/water environments, treating each as an implicit solvent model. The optimal position of transmembrane proteins (TMP) in a lipid bilayer is identified by the minimum in the “downhill” pathway of the solvation energy landscape. The energy landscape pattern was considerably conserved in various TMP classes. Evaluation of the position of 1060 membrane proteins from the orientations of proteins in membranes (OPM) database revealed that most of the polytopic and β-barrel proteins were in good agreement with those of the OPM database. The study provides a useful scheme for estimating the membrane solvation energy made by lipid-exposed amino acids in membrane proteins. In addition, our results tested with the bacterial potassium channel model demonstrated the potential usefulness of the approach in assessing the quality of membrane protein models. The present approach should be applicable for constructing transmembrane proteins–lipid configuration suitable for membrane protein simulations and will have utility for the structural modeling of membrane proteins.     

The pumping performances of the turbomoleculae pump simulated by direct simulation monte carlo method

Turbomolecular pumps (TMPs) are used extensively in several highly important areas of industry and research. The performances of TMP are evaluated by maximum throughput and maximum pressure ratio. In this paper, they are investigated by DSMC method. A 3D analysis in a rotating reference frame is proposed to simulate this flow field. Considering the Coriolis and centrifugal accelerations, the equations about the molecular velocities and position are deduced. The VSS model and NTC collision schemes are used to calculate the intermolecular collisions. The diffuse reflection is employed on the molecular reflection from the surfaces of boundary. The procedures for establishment of the correct collision rate are based on the cells, while individual collision pairs are chosen from the sub-cells. The pump performances of one stage TMP under the different kinds of gas, different heights, and different blade angles are simulated and the results are analyzed. Numerical results agree well with the existing experiment data.     

基于TMP04的PIC单片机测温实现

数字化温度传感器可以直接将温度量以数字脉冲信号形式输出,具有测量精度高、抗干扰能力强、传输距离远、外围接口电路简单等诸多优点.同时数字温度传感器还可直接与微处理器进行接口,大大方便了传感器输出信号的处理.本文以PWM模式输出的TMP04型数字式温度传感器为例,介绍由PIC单片机实现的几种测温方案,并给出软件设计流程.     

漆酶改性对蔗渣TMP磨浆能耗和成纸性能的影响

研究漆酶NS51003/介体体系(LMS)改性对未漂蔗渣TMP性能的影响,探讨不同酶用量对PFI磨磨浆能耗、成纸强度性能、白度及返黄的影响。结果表明,LMS处理后可以节约磨浆能耗,纸浆可漂性提高,白度提高6.5%ISO;纸页抗张强度、撕裂强度均得到明显的改善,同时紧度也得到一定程度的提高。     

三羟甲基丙烷合成及精制工艺研究

讨论了三羟甲基丙烷反应体系中原料配比、甲醛活性、ｐＨ 值、温度控制及后处理精制技术对制备过程的影响。提出了一条适合于工业化生产的合成路线。     

TMP、Di-TMP和MCF合成工艺进展

三羟甲基丙烷（TMP）是一种含有α-羟甲基的新戊基结构的多元醇,可广泛用于涂料、润滑油、聚氨酯和增塑剂等.双三羟甲基丙烷（Di-TMP）作为三羟甲基丙烷的高附加值深加工产品,具有比TMP更加优越的性能,尤其在航空润滑油方面具有更加独特的性能.三羟甲基丙烷单环缩甲醛（MCF）作为三羟甲基丙烷的高附加值深加工产品,主要用于生产光固化剂、涂料、树脂和特殊油墨以及PVC稳定剂和润滑脂.作者介绍了三羟甲基丙烷、双三羟甲基丙烷和三羟甲基丙烷单环缩甲醛的不同合成方法及反应机理,并提出了关于三羟甲基丙烷、双三羟甲基丙烷和三羟甲基丙烷单环缩甲醛的发展建议.     

HDI-TMP加成物的合成

研究了耐候性聚氨酯涂料固化剂六亚甲基二异氰酸酯-三羟甲基丙烷(HDI-TMP)加成物的合成工艺。通过对反应产物NCO含量和粘度的测定,考察了TMP中水分含量、反应温度、反应时间、HDI与TMP摩尔比、催化剂对加成产物的影响。实验表明,TMP中水分对加成产物粘度影响很大,因此TMP需进行脱水处理;HDI-TMP加成物合成最佳工艺条件为:催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)用量0.05%,HDI与TMP的摩尔比≥3.15,反应温度80℃,反应时间3h,可获得低粘度HDI-TMP加成物。     

纤维素酶预处理对马尾松TMP磨浆性能的影响

马尾松TMP一段磨浆后用纤维素酶N476对浆料处理,再进行二段磨浆,研究酶用量和处理时间对其磨浆性能、纸张强度性能及纤维特性的影响。结果表明,适度的纤维素酶预处理能够改善纸浆的磨浆性能和强度性能。     

漆酶改性对马尾松TMP性能的影响

研究了漆酶N S51003/介体体系(LMS)改性对未漂马尾松TMP性能的影响,探讨了酶改性温度、PH值、酶用量、介体用量、酶改性时间对纸浆强度性能、白度及松厚度的影响.结果表明:LMS处理后纸浆可漂性提高,白度提高3.80%ISO;纸页抗张强度、撕裂强度、耐破强度均得到明显的改善,同时松厚度也得到一定程度的提高.