火花点燃式发动机压缩比与数字计数器读数的校正关系

采用压缩比与数字计数器的对应检索校正关系来评定检查火花点燃式发动机的机械状况。根据沿海不同地区室内室间实验室的对比与协调试验计算分析，所采用的检索法达到美国沃克夏机器制造厂规定的ASTM精度。本文提出的检索法具有快速、简捷和准确等特点，可适用于沿海地区火花点燃式发动机的机械设备状况校准试验。     

抗菌灭病毒涂料的研制及表征

在评价多种杀菌剂的抗病毒性能的基础上,筛选出杀菌和抗病毒性能均优异的功能助剂三氯苯基马来酰亚胺,用以研制成一种杀菌灭病毒功能内墙涂料。     

聚氨酯弹性体复合抗磨环的研制

介绍了聚氨酯弹性体复合抗磨环的设计及制作过程，并将该产品应用于挖泥船泥泵中。经过试验证明，该产品比传统的钢质抗磨环耐气蚀、耐磨损，使用寿命可延长3倍以上。     

Toluene oxidation on Pd catalysts supported by CeO2–Y2O3 washcoated cordierite honeycomb

A novel CeO₂–Y₂O₃ (CY) washcoat on cordierite honeycomb was prepared by an impregnation method, which was used as a support to prepare a Pd catalyst. A model reaction of the complete combustion of toluene was conducted to evaluate the performance of the developed Pd/CY catalyst. The CY washcoat support and the Pd/CY catalyst were characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, H₂-TPR and SEM techniques. The results show that compared with conventional washcoat the CY washcoat has better adhesion and higher vibration- and heat-resistance. The CY washcoat can anchor well Pd onto the cordierite honeycomb substrate. The formation of a CeO₂–Y₂O₃ solid solution and the steady present of PdO occur at high calcination temperatures, resulting in a better thermal stability. On a Pd/CY catalyst calcined at 500 °C, a 99% of toluene conversion was obtained at 210 °C, and it was stable for reaction time up to 30 h.     

Numerical and experimental study on the biofiltration of toluene vapor

We have solved both steady state and transient problems on the biofiltration of toluene vapor. The effect of inlet toluene concentration and inlet gas-flow rate on the removal rate of toluene and the elimination capacity of a lab-scale biofilter has been investigated. In this study, the effectiveness factor was a function of pollutant concentration. The dynamic solutions show good agreement with experimental results. At an inlet toluene concentration of 100 ppm, the diffusion of toluene into biofilm was obviously a rate determining step. Above 200 ppm, however, biofilm already showed full activity. The steady-state simulation confirmed that the change of elimination capacity obtained by increasing only inlet toluene concentration was the same as that obtained by increasing only flow rate of contaminated air. The maximum possible performance is about 20 g/m³h with no addition of nutrients.     

Synthesis and characterization of porous media produced by a sol-gel method

Mesoporous silica materials were synthesized by sol-gel method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as precursors and surfactants i.e., cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and polyoxyethylene cetyl ether (Brij 56) as templates. Surfactant templates were completely removed by calcination to form mesoporous structure. The effects of type and amount of surfactants on the characteristics of samples were studied. The textural characteristics such as surface area, pore volume, pore size, and pore size distribution were determined by nitrogen sorption isotherms. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to qualitatively identify the chemical functionality and to confirm the removal of surfactant template. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to directly observe surface morphology and mesoporous structure, respectively. The adsorption capacity of the synthesized adsorbent for toluene vapor was examined. We found that the pore volume and pore size of mesoporous materials affected the adsorption capacity. The sample prepared with high content of CTAB under basic condition (pH ∼7) yielded large pore volumes and pore sizes and subsequently possessed the high adsorption capacity for toluene vapor.     

改性高岭土上甲苯的选择性硝化(IV)

应用Ｍｅｎｋｅ条件，在改性高岭土固体酸催化下，甲苯能被浓硝酸对位选择性硝化，表现在对邻硝化产物比例达到１．５。     

气相色谱测定环境空气中苯系物方法改进

对常规气相色谱测定环境空气中痕量挥发性苯系物作了改进,将样品经过石英管第一次富集在热解吸炉中解吸,然后到六通阀的定量管中进行第二次富集,再解吸到色谱柱中。该方法缩短了进样途径,提高了回收率。实验结果表明:苯、甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯的回收率分别为102 9%～103 6%、96 5%～97 2%、93 2%～94 2%、91 2%～91 6%;相对标准偏差分别为0 94%、0 61%、0 55%、0 65%。     

气相色谱法测定四甘醇样品甲苯和正庚烷含量

建立了测定四甘醇样品中甲苯、正庚烷含量的气相色谱分析法。采用峰面积归一化法进行定量 ,测得甲苯和正庚烷的回收率分别为 98 32 %～ 1 0 2 87%和 97 81 %～ 1 0 2 84% ,相对标准偏差不大于 1 5 0 %和 1 97%。该法快速 ,准确 ,精密度高 ,简单易行 ,具有一定的实用价值。     

Aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer for the on-line measurement of secondary organic aerosol in smog chamber

An aerosol laser time of flight mass spectrometer (ALTOFMS) that can be used for real-time measurement of the size and composition of individual aerosol particles has been designed and utilized to provide on-line measurement of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles resulted from Cl-initiated oxidation of toluene in smog chamber. Both the size and chemical compositions of individual aerosol particles were obtained in real-time. According to a large number of single aerosol diameters and mass spectra, the size distribution and chemical composition of aerosol were determined statistically. Experimental results indicate that aerosol particles produced from Cl-initiated oxidation of toluene were predominantly in the form of PM 2.5 particles, and nine positive laser desorption/ionization mass spectra peaks: m/z 18, 29, 30, 44, 46, 52, 65, 77, and 94 may come from the fragment ions of the products of the SOA: aromatic aldehydes, aromatic acids, phenolic compounds, and nitrogenated organic compounds. These results were in good agreement with those ones from previous Cl-initiated oxidation of toluene. These were demonstrated that ALTOFMS is a useful tool to reveal the formation and transformation processes of SOA particles in smog chamber.