老鹳草化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

研究老鹳草(Geranium wilfordii Maxim.)全草的化学成分.采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱层析,结合重结晶等方法分离纯品化合物,并通过化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其化学结构.在原来分离的基础上又分离鉴定了4个化合物,分别为琥珀酸(7)、山奈酚(8)、胡萝卜苷(9)、山奈酚-3,7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(10),其中化合物7,9,10为首次从该种植物中分离得到,为太白山老鹳草的进一步开发利用提供依据.     

从交际意图和语言交际的发展变化来看“质的准则”

讨论了格赖斯"合作原则"中"质的准则",指出"质的准则"不是一条道德准则,它具有随机性和不确定性。     

Development of a novel device for applying uniform doses of electron beam irradiation on carcasses

The Maxim's Electron Scatter Chamber (Maxim Chamber) was developed to obtain uniform dose distribution when applying electron beam (e-beam) irradiation to materials of irregular surface. This was achieved by placing a stainless steel mesh surrounding a cylindrical area where the target sample was placed. Upon contact with the mesh, electrons scatter and are directed onto the target from multiple angles, eliminating the e-beam linearity and resulting in a uniform dose distribution over the target surface. The effect of irradiation in the Maxim Chamber on dose distribution and pathogen reduction was tested on rabbit carcasses to simulate other larger carcasses. The dose uniformity ratio (DUR) on the rabbit carcasses was 1.8, indicating an acceptable dose distribution. On inoculated carcasses, this treatment reduced Escherichia coli O157:H7 by > 5 log cycles. These results indicate that carcass irradiation using e-beam is feasible using the Maxim's electron scattering chamber. Appropriate adjustments will be further needed for commercial application on beef and other animal carcasses.     

山桐子产业在我国的开发利用情况

山桐子作为优良的木本油料树种,近年来受到越来越多的关注。论述了山桐子产业在我国的开发利用情况,主要包括山桐子国家扶持政策、良种选育、人工栽培、山桐子油食用安全性、山桐子油加工工艺及深加工应用情况,以期为山桐子产业的发展提供参考。     

Quality evaluation of Hanyuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Using computer vision system combined with artificial neural network: A novel method

A novel technology based on computer vision system (CVS) and artificial neural network (ANN) was developed for the quality evaluation of Hanyuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (HZB). The quality evaluation of HZB mainly depended on its colour, odour substances, and impurities. In this study, the contents of volatile oil (VOC), total alkylamides (TALC) and impurities (IMC) were determined and used as indices for quality control of HZB. Furthermore, CVS was also performed to determine the colour parameters (RGB values) and further transforms to CIE L*, a^*, and b*. Then, ANN was carried out to analyse the correlations between colour values obtained by CVS and quality parameters of HZB (VOC, TALC, and IMC). Higher performance and stability were presented by using CVS for determining the coloristic values of HZB. In addition, the present results also showed that the established method based on ANN could be used to predict the VOC, TALC, and IMC of HZB with the R² values of 0.9991, 0.9995, and 0.9998, respectively. This novel technology based on CVS combined with ANN could be used for the rapid, non-destructive, and effective evaluation of the quality of HZB.     

不同品种淫羊藿的淫羊藿苷含量研究

目的:比较不同品种淫羊藿的淫羊藿苷含量差异。方法:以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,乙腈-水(30∶70)为流动相,检测波长270 nm,流速1.0 mL/min。结果:柔毛淫羊藿、朝鲜淫羊藿、淫羊藿(产自2个不同地方)的淫羊藿苷含量分别为0.28%、0.14%、0.83%和0.87%。结论:不同品种的淫羊藿所含淫羊藿苷的含量存在较大差异。品种的不同会影响淫羊藿药材的质量。     

栝楼籽多糖提取纯化、结构表征及降血糖活性

目的:探究栝楼籽多糖提取工艺、初级结构及降血糖活性。方法:采用热水浸提法对栝楼籽多糖的提取工艺进行优化。利用葡聚糖凝胶G-150进行纯化得均质多糖(WHP-I),并对多糖结构进行初步表征。通过体外和体内降血糖实验联合探究栝楼籽多糖降血糖活性。结果:栝楼籽多糖的最优提取条件为温度80℃、时间100 min、料液比1:25 (g/mL)、浸提次数2次。验证试验结果显示:多糖提取率17.54%,优化方案科学合理。WHP-I初级结构分析表明WHP-I重均分子量为47.65 kDa,并含有五种糖残基分别是→3)-Araf-(1→,→6)-Galp-(1→,→4)-Glcp-(1→, D-Glcp-(1→,和→4,6)-D-Glcp-(1→。WHP-I表面较为平整,表面有孔状结构,且附着有细小的颗粒。体外降血糖实验结果显示WHP-I抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC50值为15.837 mg/mL。体内实验结果表明,WHP-I具有减缓T2DM引起脏器损伤的潜力,给药四周后,M-WHP-I组和H-WHP-I组小鼠的血糖值分别降低了32.13%和42.27%,且WHP-I对糖尿病小鼠的肾脏和肝脏具有修复作用。结论:优化的栝楼籽多糖工艺合理可行,多糖结构清晰,且具有明显的降血糖活性。     

野生金雀花营养成分研究

对金雀花的基本营养成分作了较为全面的分析测定.结果表明:金雀花鲜品粗蛋白含量为4.20%,氨基酸种类齐全,并含有VB1、VB2、尼克酸、VC、VE及胡萝卜素等多种维生素,矿质元素含量丰富,还含有适量的纤维素、碳水化合物、酸及果胶等营养成分;重金属、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量均未超过国家标准.因此,金雀花营养成分种类齐全,含量丰富,具有较高的营养价值.     

稳定高产黄酮的水母雪莲细胞系的建立

利用60Co-γ射线照射、高温诱变和紫外光线照射等手段诱变雪莲愈伤组织,结果表明:剂量为40Gy的60Co-γ射线照射原始雪莲细胞系RP-1得到的IRP-5细胞系,黄酮含量可从细胞干重的4.34%提高至6%.分别采用温度和紫外光线等手段诱变IRP-5细胞系得到的细胞系TIP-33和UIP-17,相应的黄酮含量可提高至10.1%和8.8%.用上述三种诱变方法处理原始雪莲细胞系,获得了一株稳定高产雪莲细胞系TUIP-8,黄酮含量大于12%,比天然植株高20～30倍,连续传代培养100代,细胞的培养密度和黄酮含量一直维持在20g(干重)/L和12%～14%左右.考察了温度对TUIP-8细胞悬浮培养的影响,该细胞系可以在20～30℃环境中生长,最适培养温度范围为20～25℃.