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1.
Ana MRB Xavier Ana Paula M Tavares Margarida SM Agapito Dmitry V Evtuguin 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(12):1602-1608
BACKGROUND: A sequential batch reactor (SBR) was used for eucalypt kraft pulp effluent treatment with Trametes versicolor. A 23 full factorial design and response surface methodology were applied to optimise the batch fermentation conditions. Effluent concentration, culture medium and inoculum age were the factors selected for this study in order to optimise the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD). RESULTS: The presence of Trametes Defined Medium (TDM) in the fermentation was required to obtain a significant COD reduction. Experiments in the batch reactor confirmed, in general, the predicted results of optimisation developed from Erlenmeyer batch assays. The T. versicolor culture remained active during 42 days of study in the SBR, providing approximately 80% of COD reduction. CONCLUSION: Trametes versicolor may be considered as very promising for the biological treatment of effluents from kraft pulp mills in an SBR system instead of the activated sludge mixed cultures traditionally used. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
2.
Ricardo Beristain‐Cardoso Anne‐Claire Texier Reyes Sierra‐Álvarez Jim A Field Elías Razo‐Flores Jorge Gómez 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(9):1197-1203
BACKGROUND: Simultaneous removal of sulfur, nitrogen and carbon compounds from wastewaters is a commercially important biological process. The objective was to evaluate the influence of the CH3COO?/NO3? molar ratio on the sulfide oxidation process using an inverse fluidized bed reactor (IFBR). RESULTS: Three molar ratios of CH3COO?/NO3? (0.85, 0.72 and 0.62) with a constant S2?/NO3? molar ratio of 0.13 were evaluated. At a CH3COO?/NO3? molar ratio of 0.85, the nitrate, acetate and sulfide removal efficiencies were approximately 100%. The N2 yield (g N2 g?1 NO3?‐N consumed) was 0.81. Acetate was mineralized, resulting in a yield of 0.65 g inorganic‐C g?1 CH3COO?‐C consumed. Sulfide was partially oxidized to S0, and 71% of the S2? consumed was recovered as elemental sulfur by a settler installed in the IFBR. At a CH3COO?/NO3? molar ratio of 0.72, the efficiencies of nitrate, acetate and sulfide consumption were of 100%, with N2 and inorganic‐C yields of 0.84 and 0.69, respectively. The sulfide was recovered as sulfate instead of S0, with a yield of 0.92 g SO42?‐S g?1 S2? consumed. CONCLUSIONS: The CH3COO?/NO3? molar ratio was shown to be an important parameter that can be used to control the fate of sulfide oxidation to either S0 or sulfate. In this study, the potential of denitrification for the simultaneous removal of organic matter, sulfide and nitrate from wastewaters was demonstrated, obtaining CO2, S0 and N2 as the major end products. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
3.
Hung‐Yee Shu 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(3):273-280
Liquid–liquid two‐phase epoxidation from cyclohexene and cyclooctene in aqueous potassium peroxymonosulfate (commercially available as Oxone®) solution was studied as an application in pollution prevention. To avoid potential emissions of volatile organic compounds an aqueous solution was employed to replace the usual chlorinated solvents used in epoxide production. A droplet column reactor and stirred tank reactor were used to investigate two‐phase synthesis of epoxide. An aqueous Oxone® solution was used to oxidize a dispersion of alkene droplets and form epoxide. The study of aqueous epoxidation in both reactors showed that the epoxidation of alkenes can be represented as a first order reaction with respect to alkene. The salting out effect of Oxone® concentration was studied in both reactors and found to be very similar at optimal conditions. In comparing the two reactors, it was found that the droplet column reactor produces larger quantities of product per unit reactor volume for the same reaction time. The objective of this study is to provide an alternative reactor design and synthesis route that can meet pollution prevention goals. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
4.
Yi‐Hung Chen Ching‐Yuan Chang Wei‐Ling Su Chun‐Yu Chiu Yue‐Hwa Yu Pen‐Chi Chiang Chiung‐Fen Chang Je‐Lueng Shie Chyow‐San Chiou Sally IM Chiang 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(1):68-75
This study investigates the ozonation of CI Reactive Black 5 (RB5) by using the rotating packed bed (RPB) and completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR) as ozone contactors. The RPB, which provides high gravitational force by adjusting the rotational speed, was employed as a novel ozone contactor. The same ozone dosage was separately introduced into either the RPB or the CSTR for the investigation, while the experimental solution was continuously circulated within the apparatus consisting of the RPB and CSTR. The decolorization and mineralization efficiencies of RB5 in the course of ozonation are compared for these two methods. Moreover, the dissolved and off‐gas ozone concentrations were simultaneously monitored for the further analysis. As a result, the ozone mass transfer rate per unit volume of the RPB was significantly higher because of its higher mass transfer coefficient and gas–liquid concentration driving force. Furthermore, ozonation kinetics was found to be independent of the gravitational magnitude of an ozone gas–liquid contactor. Therefore, the results suggest employing RPBs as ozone‐contacting devices with the advantage of volume reduction. The experimental results, which can be used for further modeling of the ozonation process in the RPB, also show the requirement of correct design for the RPB. Consequently, the present study is useful for the understanding of practical application of RPBs. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
5.
6.
槽孔式水力驱动控制棒槽孔阻力系数实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对槽孔式水力驱动控制棒槽对孔阻力系数进行了大量实验研究,获得了槽孔式水力驱动控制棒槽对孔阻力系数和其随槽对孔位移的变化规律,分析了槽对孔阻力系数与控制棒槽对孔结构参数之间的关系。结果表明:随槽对孔位移的增加,槽对孔阻力系数从某一较大的定值迅速降低到某一较小的定值,然后再迅速反回到初始的定值,形成一个对称的宽幅波谷;槽高使阻力系数曲线波谷幅宽发生变化,也使完全不重合段的阻力系数发生变化;随内套孔径的增大,阻力系数有所降低,其对阻力系数的影响也进一步减弱。孔径增大到一定程度,阻力系数基本不受孔径参数的影响。 相似文献
7.
M. Aigner M. Zeilinger H. Hofbauer 《Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification》1995,34(6):515-520
The hydrolysis of isocyanic acid in the gaseous phase has been investigated at temperatures between 553 and 613 K by mass spectrometry and evaluated to obtain the corresponding kinetic data. The reaction order and reaction constant have been determined. Finally, the influence of water on the catalysed formation of melamine from isocyanic acid under the operating conditions employed has been investigated in order to determine whether there is a need to try the process gas. 相似文献
8.
It is essential to automate the scanning path generation process to effectively implement the micro-stereolithography. However, a scanning path that is generated based only on a 3D CAD model introduces dimensional inaccuracies. In micro-stereolithography, the photopolymer solidification is affected by fabrication conditions, such as the optical properties (laser power, laser scanning speed, laser scanning pitch focusing condition, etc.) and material properties of the photopolymer. Thus, the photopolymer solidification phenomena must be considered when generating a laser scanning path. In this paper, a scanning path generation algorithm that uses 3D CAD data and considers the photopolymer solidification phenomena is proposed to improve the dimensional accuracy in micro-stereolithography. Multi-line photopolymer solidification experiments were performed for various laser scanning conditions to examine the photopolymer solidification phenomena. From these experiments, linear relations between the solidification length (width) and scanning length (width) were acquired and stored in a database. Subsequently, these data were utilized to compensate the scanning path of the laser beam. In addition, experiments for determining the layer thickness in the z-direction were performed and these results were also used in the scanning path generation algorithm.This research was supported by the Highly Advanced National Project (http://www.most.go.kr), which performs some of the National R&D Program, and sponsored by the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology under the contract project code M10214000116-02B1500-02010. 相似文献
9.
10.
管壳式换热器流场三维数值模拟 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
采用多孔介质方法 ,在PHOENICS 3 3程序的基础上建立了换热器的三维流动计算模型。引入体积穿透率、表面穿透率、分布阻力等来描述换热器内的管束。模型通过计算Halle等[1] 的实验工况来进行验证 ,并尝试用于计算 2 0 0MW低温供热堆主换热器内的流场 相似文献