聚丙烯酸钾与腐植酸复合高吸水性树脂的合成研究

以腐植酸与丙烯酸聚合制备了高吸水性树脂,讨论了交联剂、引发剂以及KOH用量对聚丙烯酸与腐植酸高吸水性树脂吸水率的影响,结果显示在n(MBA)∶n(AA)=0.0005、n(KPS)∶n(AA)=0.0075、n(KOH)∶n(AA)约为0.70、温度为80℃的条件下合成时,其吸水倍率可达到最优值。而且在接近自然条件下(35℃)失水速度慢,保水时间可达100 h以上,重复吸水性能好。运用红外光谱分析了腐植酸与丙烯酸的反应机理。     

添加辣椒碱类化合物合成抗菌高吸水树脂

以过硫酸铵、亚硫酸氢钠作为引发剂，N，N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作为交联剂，将木薯淀粉与丙烯酸、辣椒碱在水溶液中接枝共聚，合成了具有抗菌性的高吸水性树脂。文章主要考察了添加辣椒碱形式、反应温度、反应时间、引发剂用量、丙烯酸中和度、交联剂用量对合成产物吸水性能的影响。     

微波辐射常压麦草中木质素快速提取方法研究

采用微波辐射技术,建立了从麦草中提取木质素的工艺.使用微波法分离木质素和纤维素是微波应用的一种新途径.考察了固液比例、微波辐射功率、辐射时间、碱浓度等对木质素提取效果的影响.结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:2 g样品在微波辐射功率为550 W,辐射时间为75 min,固液比为1:12.5,碱浓度为16%时,木质素提取液的吸光度达到1.25,并且验证性试验的结果很稳定.     

含有腐植酸的吸水性树脂在溶液及土壤环境中的性质研究

考察了含有腐植酸的吸水性树脂(HA-MA-AM)在溶液以及土壤环境中的性质。当腐植酸钾用量低于40wt%时,在环境pH值为6～7的条件下,HA-MA-AM的吸水倍率明显高于未添加腐植酸钾的MA-AM型保水剂。实验结果表明,HA-MA-AM具有较好保持水分、抑制水分蒸发的作用。     

Synthesis and water absorbency of crosslinked superabsorbent polymers

A series of novel copolymer superabsorbents based on monomer acrylamide (AM), potassium methacrylate (KMA), and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were prepared by copolymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator and N,N‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinking agent. The synthetic variables (the monomer concentration, crosslinker concentration, and initiator concentration) were also studied. The experimental results of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) show a better absorbency in both water and NaCl solutions. The copolymers were characterized by IR spectroscopy. The water retention in the soil was enhanced using the above superabsorbents. The use of SAPs for the growth of groundnut plants was also investigated. SAPs can be considered for water‐managing materials for agriculture and horticulture purposes in desert and drought‐prone areas. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1795–1801, 2002     

Synthesis of Poly(n-butyl methacrylate-co-pentaerythritolriacrylate) Gel Mediated by Cu(0)/CPDN and its Oil Absorbent Properties

Poly(n-butyl methacrylate-co-pentaerythritolriacrylate) (poly(n-BMA-co-PETA)) gel was first synthesized via reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) technique with Cu(0)/N,N,N’,N’-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) as catalyst system, 2-cyanoprop-2-yl-1-dithionaphthalate (CPDN) as chain transfer agent, and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. The results exhibited well-controlled characters of the new RDRP technique. The poly(n-BMA-co-PETA) gel exhibited preferable three-dimensional network cross-linked structure. It possessed high oil absorption capacity and perfect reusability. The maximum oil absorption capacity was 52.6 g/g. The gel may have a number of potential applications in controlling oil pollution. The influence factors on oil absorbency were discussed in detail as well.     

污水紫外吸光度与COD相关性的研究

紫外分光光度法测定水质COD是利用有机物吸收紫外线的特征来测量水中的有机物浓度。与传统COD监测方法相比,它是一种不用化学试剂、对样品无须加热消解、快速、简洁、无二次污染的绿色监测技术。本文通过研究生活污水和工业废水样品的紫外吸光度与化学需氧量之间的相关性,得出在水质稳定的条件下,可利用测定的紫外吸光度值推算出化学需氧量的结果。     

交联聚丙烯酸钠与交联羧甲基淀粉复配的高吸水性树脂的制备

采用交联聚丙烯酸钠和交联羧甲基淀粉进行复配,将两种原料按配比经混合、糊化、制片、粉碎、筛分制得复配高吸水性树脂成品.研究表明,最佳制备条件为:交联聚丙烯酸钠与交联羧甲基淀粉的质量比为8,糊化时的加水量为400g/g,糊化25min,制片温度为140℃.此产品将这两种高吸水性树脂组分的优缺点互补,生产成本低、安全性好,其吸蒸馏水倍率为800～1100倍,吸生理盐水的倍率为60～95倍.     

二乙氨基二硫代甲酸银分光光度法测定洗发护发液中总砷含量

4种洗发、护发液用HNO3、H2SO4和HC lO4湿法消化后,用二乙氨基二硫代甲酸银分光光度法测定总砷(As)含量。方法简单,结果可靠。     

纳米CeO2的制备及其红外吸收性能研究

采用硬脂酸凝胶法制备了CeO2纳米晶,用X射线粉末衍射仪,透射电子显微镜（TEM）对CeO2纳米晶的粒径和形貌进行了表征.研究了不同热处理温度下纳米CeO2的红外吸收特性.结果表明,CeO2纳米晶的吸收峰宽化,吸收峰发生红移现象,同时CeO2纳米晶在1000～1700nm之间吸收较好,有可能用作激光隐身涂料的吸收剂.