乙炔在磁稳定床中的选择性加氢研究

 制备了一种磁性Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂，采用磁稳定床考察了活性组分负载量、反应条件及CO浓度对乙炔加氢反应性能的影响。结果表明，当反应温度80℃、反应压力1.5MPa、空速9000h－1、磁场强度（H）25kA/m时，乙炔转化率为100％，乙烯选择性可达81％，具有优良的乙炔加氢活性和乙烯选择性，优于相同反应条件下的进口催化剂；250h稳定性实验结果表明，磁性Pd/Al2O3催化剂具有良好的初活性和乙烯选择性，催化剂性能稳定。     

乙炔黑吸附聚合制导电聚苯胺

用乙炔黑吸附化学聚合新工艺制备导电聚苯胺，可保持电导率不变，但转化率和堆密度提高，并明显改善了聚苯胺的颗粒形态和制膜加工性，使由其制备的聚苯胺复合正极膜和固体聚苯胺锂蓄电池的电化学性能得以改进。     

柴油机针阀体的乙炔低压渗碳

乙炔低压渗碳可以有效地避免在真空渗碳过程中产生炭黑和焦油，同时由于乙炔具有较高的供碳能力，使这一技术尤其适用于针阀体这样的小直径深盲孔零件。     

Conducting composites of polythiophene and polyfuran with acetylene black

Conducting composites of polythiophene (PTP) and polyfuran (PF) with acetylene black (AB) were prepared via chemical oxidative polymerization of thiophene and furan in a suspension of AB in CHCl₃ at room temperature using anhydrous FeCl₃ as the oxidant. Formation of PTP and PF and their subsequent incorporation in PTP–AB and PF–AB composite systems were confirmed by FTIR analysis. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed the presence of compact clusters of particles in both composites. Transmission electron micrographs of PTP–AB and PF–AB composites showed formation of globular polymer encapsulated AB particles with average diameters of the order of ～100 nm in both systems. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the overall thermal stability varied in the order: AB > PTP–AB > PTP and AB > PF–AB > PF. DC conductivity values for the PTP–AB and PF–AB composites were of the order of 10^?2 and 10^?3 S cm^?1, respectively. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

New catalyst systems for the polymerization of acetylene

The catalytic activities of WCI₆Ph₄Sn, MoCl₅Ph₄Sn and tetrabenzyltitanium were examined in the polymerization of acetylene. The structure, morphology and electrical conductivity of the doped and non doped polyacetylene were also studied.     

导静电乳液胶粘剂的研制

用多元乳液共聚法制备了用于粘贴导静电PVC地板胶粘剂,加入乙炔碳黑赋予乳液胶粘剂导静电性能。研究了影响胶接强度和初粘力的主要因素,确定m(VAc)/m(BA+VAc)较合适比为1∶3;研究了乳化剂和交联单体对乳液性能的影响,研究得出,适量加入AA和HMAM可以减少乳化剂的用量,提高乳液的性能;考查了影响导静电性能的因素,研究表明,导静电性能由乙炔碳黑决定,其加入量越大,导静电性能越好。得到的导静电乳液胶粘剂胶接强度达到0.51MPa以上,导静电可达到7.2×103Ω,两项指标均超过国家标准。     

连续加压炔化反应合成脱氢芳樟醇

研究了以液氨为溶剂 ,在反应温度 35～ 4 0℃ ,压力 2 0～ 2 5MPa的条件下 ,6 甲基 5 庚烯 2 酮连续加压乙炔化反应制备脱氢芳樟醇工艺 ,考察了反应时间、物料量比对反应的影响 ,并对反应机理作了初步探讨。实验表明 ,反应温度 35～ 4 0℃ ,压力 2 0～ 2 5MPa ,n (6 甲基 5 庚烯 2 酮 )∶n (催化剂 )∶n(乙炔 )∶n(液氨 ) =7∶1∶5 1∶15 3,反应时间为 2 1h ,脱氢芳樟醇收率为 92 %～ 94 % ,产品经减压精馏后 ,脱氢芳樟醇质量分数大于 98%     

2-乙烯基吡啶的合成方法

本文介绍了2-乙烯基吡啶的性质、用途,阐述了2-乙烯基吡啶合成的各种方法,并对这些合成方法进行分析比较,得出了合理的工艺路线及适宜的工艺条件。     

Assessment of biological nitrogen fixation

The four commonly used methods for measuring biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in plants are: the total nitrogen difference (TND) method, acetylene reduction assay (ARA) technique, xylem-solute (or ureide production) method and the use of¹⁵N labelled compounds.The TND method relies on a control non-N₂-fixing plant to estimate the amount of N absorbed by the fixing plant from soil. It is one of the simplest and least expensive methods, but works best under low soil N conditions. The ARA technique measures the rate of acetylene conversion to ethylene by the N₂-fixing enzyme, nitrogenase. The ethylene produced can then be converted into N₂ fixed, using a conversion ratio, originally recommended as 3. Although the method is inexpensive and highly sensitive, its major disadvantages are, the short-term nature of the assays, the doubtful validity of always using a conversion ratio of 3 and the auto-inhibition of acetylene conversion to ethylene. The ARA technique is therefore not a method of choice for measuring BNF.The xylem-solute technique can be used to measure BNF for those species that produce significant quantities of ureide as product of BNF. Although simple and relatively inexpensive, it is an instantaneous assay and also needs to be calibrated against a known method. The most serious limitation is, that only a small proportion of N₂-fixing plants examined are ureide exporters, and the method is therefore not widely applicable.The¹⁵N methods, classified into the isotope dilution and A-value methods, appear to be the most accurate, but also the most expensive. They involve labelling soil with¹⁵N fertilizer and using a non-N₂-fixing reference plant to measure the¹⁵N/¹⁴N ratio in the soil. The¹⁵N isotope dilution approach is both operationally and mathematically simpler than the A-value approach. To limit potential errors in the selection of reference crops, it is recommended to use¹⁵N labelled compounds or soil labelling methods that result in the slow release of¹⁵N or the slow decline of¹⁵N/¹⁴N ratio in the soil. Additionally, the use of several reference plants rather than a single one can improve the accuracy of the results.     

Control policies for an industrial acetylene hydrogenation reactor

This paper addresses the problem of finding optimal operational policies for an acetylene reactor for day to day operation. A lumped parameter model based on four main reactions is developed and used to examine the effects of the reactor manipulated variables on key reaction parameters. An optimal and a sub-optimal operational policy which minimize the ethylene loss over time are formulated and the solution techniques are presented. The results indicate that the reactor model is in good agreement with industrial plant data. The performance of the optimal control policy is very similar to the performance of the sub-optimal control policy. However, the sub-optimal formulation, while retaining the dominant features of the optimal response, reduces the computational requirements. Finally, some issues concerning the real-time implementation of an advanced acetylene reactor control scheme are presented. These include the estimation of the optimum regeneration cycle, a recursive model update algorithm, the process optimizer and their overall coordination. A preliminary analysis of the benefits associated with the advanced control scheme suggests a considerable reduction in the yearly ethylene loss.