不浸酸无铬鞣剂TWT的环保性能研究

考察了无铬鞣剂TWT的环保性能。研究结果表明,无铬鞣剂TWT属于低毒、可生物降解性物质,对家兔眼睛和皮肤均无刺激性,对豚鼠皮肤致敏性较弱。基于TWT的不浸酸鞣制工艺明显减轻了中性盐对环境的污染。TWT鞣制的白湿皮毒性较低（LD50〉5000 mg/kg）,片皮、削匀所产生的废皮屑可回收利用。与常规植鞣法相比,半植鞣法可节约栲胶50%左右,且废液中的栲胶含量较低。在铬复鞣逆转工艺中,当铬粉用量为削匀革5%时,皮坯收缩温度可达到110℃,与常规铬鞣法相当,但铬粉用量可节约50%以上,废液中的三氧化二铬含量也仅为240 mg/L。铬复鞣逆转工艺不产生含铬固体废弃物,仅最后一道工序产生低铬废水。以上研究结果表明,无铬鞣剂TWT环保性能优良。     

Borojo果酶解浓缩粉的毒理学安全性评价

本文通过动物实验,研究Borojo果酶解浓缩粉的食用安全性。采用急性毒性试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验及大鼠30天喂养试验对Borojoa果酶解浓缩粉进行评价。结果表明,雌雄小鼠经口急性毒性LD50〉21．5g/kg·bw,根据急陛毒性分级,受试物Borojo果酶解浓缩粉属无毒级物质;小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验结果与对照组比较均无显著性差异;大鼠30d喂养试验表明各剂量组动物体重增重、食物利用率、脏体比、血液学检查及血液生化检查与对照组比较均无显著性差异;病理检查主要脏器未见明显中毒性病理改变,说明Borojo果酶解浓缩粉属于安全性食品。     

聚乙二醇修饰的蓖麻毒蛋白A链的免疫原性和在小鼠体内急性毒性研究

目的研究单甲氧聚乙二醇(mPEG)与蓖麻毒蛋白A链(RA)偶联后RA免疫原性和毒性的改变。方法从天然蓖麻籽中提取纯化的RA,经与含活性马来酰亚胺基团的mPEG反应偶联,得到纯化的mPEG偶联RA。用蛋白质印迹方法比较RA修饰前后的免疫原性,通过测定半数致死量(LD50)比较RA修饰前后的毒性。结果mPEG偶联RA后免疫原性和毒性均明显下降。偶联前RA链的LD50为2.37 mg.kg-1,经mPEG修饰后RA的LD50为6.15mg.kg-1。结论聚乙二醇能遮蔽RA,降低其免疫原性和毒性。     

Feeding rolled barley grain steeped in lactic acid modulated energy status and innate immunity in dairy cows

Feeding dairy cows large proportions of cereal grain is commonly associated with rumen acidosis, activation of innate immunity, and perturbation of intermediary metabolism. We previously showed that steeping barley grain in 0.5% lactic acid (LA) decreased the rate of starch degradation, lowered the risk of subacute rumen acidosis, modulated rumen fermentation profile, and increased milk fat content in dairy cows. This study sought to investigate whether feeding of LA-treated barley grain would affect carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as innate immunity. Eight rumen-fistulated late-lactation (approximately 217 d in milk, DIM) Holstein cows were randomly assigned, in a 2 × 2 crossover design, to 1 of the 2 dietary treatments consisting of 27% (dry matter basis) rolled barley grain steeped for 48 h in an equal volume (wt/vol) of tap water (CTR) or 0.5% LA (TRT). Each experimental period lasted 21 d, with the first 11 d for diet adaptation. Blood and rumen samples were collected on d 12, 15, 17, and 21 of the experimental period before the morning feeding to evaluate the effects of dietary treatment on preprandial day-to-day variation of plasma and rumen variables. To establish the effect of treatment on diurnal variation of plasma variables, blood samples were collected on the last day of each period at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h after the morning feeding (i.e., 0800 h). Results of the day-to-day study showed that cows fed the TRT diet had greater overall preprandial concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, and insulin, and a lower concentration of haptoglobin in plasma. Diurnal data indicated lower concentrations of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A and a tendency for greater plasma lactate in cows fed the TRT diet. A treatment by time interaction was observed for glucose, lactate, insulin, haptoglobin, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, suggesting a role for both the processing of grain and the time of sampling on those variables. No effect of diet on plasma concentrations of cortisol, β-hydroxybutyrate, and nonesterified fatty acids or rumen endotoxin was evidenced. Taken together, our results demonstrated that feeding barley grain steeped in 0.5% LA modulated both energy status and innate immunity of dairy cows fed relatively high levels (45% of dry matter) of dietary concentrate.     

八角籽仁油GC-MS分析和急性毒性试验

以石油醚为溶剂提取八角籽仁油,通过GC—MS分析了八角籽仁油中脂肪酸的组成及含量,并对八角籽仁油进行了急性毒性试验。结果表明,八角籽仁油中亚油酸含量34．658％,油酸含量34．986％,棕榈酸含量17．838％,山嵛酸含量4．096％,硬脂酸含量4．093％,花生酸含量1．550％,二十四碳酸含量1．336％;不饱和脂肪酸占69．644％,饱和脂肪酸占28．913％。急性毒性试验初步确定八角籽仁油小鼠最小致死量和最大耐受量均大于40mL/kg。     

大球盖菇提取物对CCl_4所致肝损伤小鼠的抗氧化作用研究

目的:研究大球盖菇提取物(SRE)对小鼠肝和主要脏器组织的抗氧化作用。方法:小鼠连续30d给予低(100mg/kg·d)、中(200mg/kg·d)、高(400mg/kg·d)三个剂量的SRE后,灌胃给予CCl4(80mg/kg·d)建立动物急性肝损伤模型,动物处死后取血液和脏器测定各项抗氧化指标。结果:高剂量S R E能降低血清A L P活性,提高肝总S O D、Mn-SOD、Cu,Zn-SOD及GSH-Px活性,降低肝组织MDA含量,与模型组相比有显著性差异(p<0.01),且三个剂量呈现了一定的量效关系。主要脏器的抗氧化指标测定表明,SRE能显著提高心和肾SOD和GSH-Px活性(p<0.01),显著降低心组织MDA含量(p<0.01);与对照组相比,模型组脾总SOD和Mn-SOD表现出代偿性增高(p<0.01),给予SRE后可使升高的SOD活性恢复到对照组水平。分析表明SRE的主要抗氧化成分为多糖和黄酮。结论:SRE对CCl4所致急性肝损伤小鼠的肝和主要脏器的氧化损伤具有较好的保护作用。     

Parenteral administration of glutamine modulates acute phase response in postparturient dairy cows

The objective of this study was to investigate whether administration of l-Gln would affect mediators of acute phase response in postparturient dairy cows. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows were blocked by the expected day of calving and randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 treatment groups (n = 8/group): 1) i.v. infusion of 10 L of 0.85% NaCl (control), 2) i.v. infusion of 106, or 3) 212 g/d of l-Gln mixed with 10 L of 0.85% NaCl solution; each treatment was given 8 h/d for each of 7 consecutive days starting on d 1 after calving. Blood samples were collected 1 wk before the expected day of parturition as well as on d 0, 7, 14, and 21 after parturition; plasma concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein were measured by ELISA, and α₁-acid glycoprotein was assessed by radial immunodiffusion. Concentrations of SAA, haptoglobin, and α₁-acid glycoprotein increased in control cows after parturition, reaching peak values on d 0 or 7 postpartum (60, 1,093, and 963 μg/mL, respectively). Cows infused with 106 g/d of l-Gln had greater concentrations of SAA in plasma on d 14 and 21 compared with controls (62.8 vs. 30.2 and 71.1 vs. 34.5 μg/mL, respectively). Cows infused with 212 g/d of l-Gln had greater concentrations of SAA on d 7 (82.5 vs. 53.9 μg/mL) and lower concentrations of haptoglobin on d 14 and 21 postpartum compared with controls (264 vs. 621 and 175 vs. 587 μg/mL, respectively). Cows treated with 106 and 212 g/d of l-Gln had greater plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein concentrations on d 7 compared with control group (50.0 and 35.6 vs. 10.8 μg/mL, respectively). There were no treatment differences with respect to milk yield and DM intake during the experimental period. In conclusion, our data indicate that i.v. administration of l-Gln modulated acute phase mediators in dairy cows after parturition and warrants further research into the mechanisms behind these effects.     

CTMP、APMP木浆废水鱼类急性毒性研究

通过用多种速生材、多种工艺高得率浆废水进行鱼类急性毒性实验,评估了ＣＴＭＰ和ＡＰＭＰ高得率浆废水对水环境的影响,给出了种种高得率浆废水的安全排放浓度,为高得率制浆废水排放标准的制定提供了依据。     

植物乳杆菌C88对小鼠急性毒性和细菌易位实验研究

通过小鼠急性毒性和细菌移位实验,评价1株具有潜在益生特性的植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)C88的安全性,为该菌株的安全应用提供依据。对小鼠连续14d灌胃不同剂量的植物乳杆菌C88,结果表明C88各剂量组小鼠一般体征、脏器指数、血清和肝脏生化指标与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。植物乳杆菌C88各剂量组小鼠血液和其它组织样本中均未检测到活的植物乳杆菌C88细胞,说明无细菌移位发生,植物乳杆菌C88安全,无毒副作用。     

嗜热链球菌grx02对酒精性肝损伤大鼠保护作用的分子机制

研究了嗜热链球菌grx02对急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠模型的保护作用机制。建立了急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠模型,观察嗜热链球菌grx02对急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠血清转氨酶以及炎症细胞因子的改善作用。结果表明,酒精可诱导大鼠血清谷氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙二醛(MDA)水平显著升高,;血清、肝匀浆中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-8(IL-8)细胞因子水平显著升高;乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)、还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)、增加谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著下降,与对照组比较均有显著性差异。结论:grx02可能通过抑制炎性因子,增强抗氧化酶系活性、抑制氧化应激引发的肝损伤,对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤发挥保护作用。