Resolving Apparent Contradictions Concerning the Relationships Among Fear or Anxiety and Aggression During Lactation: Theoretical Comment on D'Anna, Stevenson, and Gammie (2005).

Pregnancy and lactation involve dramatic changes in behavior and physiology necessary for the successful production and sustenance of offspring. This requires numerous processes to emerge and be coordinated in a finely tuned manner. Reduced corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor activity and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function are thought to be involved in numerous functions during lactation, such as reducing fear and anxiety, which in turn, is proposed to disinhibit aggressive behaviors. K. L. D'Anna, S. A. Stevenson, and S. C. Gammie (2005) reported that central infusion of urocortin 1 and 3, anxiogenic peptides that bind to CRF receptors, reduce maternal aggression in lactating mice and alter neural c-fos expression. However, the relationship between stress hormones and where they act, emotional state, and aggression during lactation is complicated, and our understanding of how these factors influence each other might benefit from a comprehensive reevaluation of these literatures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Prenatal androgens and gender-typed behavior: A study of girls with mild and severe forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Gender-typed behaviors and interests were investigated in 26 girls, aged 2-10 years, affected with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and in 26 unaffected girls matched for age. Girls with CAH were more interested in masculine toys and less interested in feminine toys and were more likely to report having male playmates and to wish for masculine careers. Parents of girls with CAH rated their daughters' behaviors as more boylike than did parents of unaffected girls. A relation was found between disease severity and behavior indicating that more severely affected CAH girls were more interested in masculine toys and careers. No parental influence could be demonstrated on play behavior, nor did the comparison of parents' ratings of wished for behavior versus perceived behavior in their daughters indicate an effect of parental expectations. The results are interpreted as supporting a biological contribution to differences in play behavior between girls with and without CAH. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

电磁脉冲对大鼠肾上腺超微结构损伤的研究

目的 :本研究拟通过观察电磁脉冲 (EMP)辐照大鼠后其肾上腺组织学及超微结构的改变 ,初步探讨EMP致肾上腺损伤的特点。方法 :雄性二级Wistar大鼠 2 4只 ,随机分为 6组 ,每组 4只。其中 1组为对照组 ,其余 5组为辐照组。辐照组在高场强电磁脉冲模拟源下 ,以场强为 6× 10 4 V m ,脉冲上升时间为 2 0ns,脉宽为 30 μs的条件下 ,在2min内辐照大鼠 5次 ,对照组不做任何处理 ,辐照后于 1h、6h、12h、2 4h和 4 8h活杀动物 ,左侧肾上腺常规光镜制片 ,右侧肾上腺 4 %戊二醛及 1%锇酸双固定 ,Epon812包埋。LKB - 1180 0 (Pyramitome)半薄切片 ,定位后 ,LKB -Ⅴ型超薄切片机切片 ,乙酸铀和柠檬酸铅双染色 ,PHILIPS -CM12 0电镜下观察、拍片。结果 :辐射组大鼠肾上腺皮髓质细胞超微结构在 1h后即出现变化 ,且逐渐加重 ,包括皮质细胞内脂质颗粒及髓质细胞内的内分泌颗粒排空明显 ;细胞水肿 ,线粒体肿胀、空化、髓样体形成 ;内质网扩张 ;皮质细胞和毛细血管内皮细胞核异染色质边集 ,早期细胞凋亡表现 ;毛细血管内皮细胞线粒体的明显空化。结论 :EMP可引起大鼠肾上腺皮髓质细胞及毛细血管内皮细胞的损伤 ,并可诱导其凋亡的发生。细胞膜系统的损伤及应激反应可能参与了其超微结构损伤过程     

姜黄素及其代谢修饰产物对PC12细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

为比较姜黄素及其两种主要代谢修饰产物（四氢姜黄素和姜黄素-β-D-葡糖苷酸）对H2O2诱导的大鼠肾上腺嗜铬瘤PC12细胞氧化损伤的保护作用,细胞经上述受试物处理后,采用噻唑蓝法测定细胞存活率,2’,7’-二氯荧光黄双乙酸盐荧光探针测定活性氧自由基（reactive oxygen species,ROS）含量,试剂盒检测细胞内超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活力和丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量,Western Blot测定细胞内抗氧化相关蛋白的表达。结果表明：姜黄素及其代谢产物能够显著降低氧化损伤的PC12细胞内ROS含量和MDA水平,显著提高SOD活力（P＜0.05）,上调肾脏细胞质和细胞核中Nrf2蛋白表达量,激活下游血红素氧合酶-1和腺嘌呤二核苷酸醌氧化还原酶蛋白表达。总体来看,姜黄素代谢修饰后的产物抗氧化损伤作用弱于姜黄素。实验结果为揭示姜黄素的健康功效机制提供了实验依据。     

影像学检查发现肾上腺血管平滑肌脂肪瘤一例并文献分析

目的：探讨肾上腺血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的影像学表现和诊断方法。方法：对一例肾上腺血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的患者的影像和随诊资料进行分析,并对相关文献进行分析。结果：本例患者有高血压病史,超声检查二维声像图表现为左侧肾上腺区实性等回声肿块,边界清晰,形态规则。彩色多普勒显像（CDFl）示肿瘤周边及内部未见明显血流信号。CT表现为圆形软...