Comparison of two Analytical Methods (ELISA and LC-MS/MS) for Determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Corn and Aflatoxin M1 in Milk

The aim of this paper is to assess the closeness of agreement between results of ELISA and LC-MS/MS methods for determination of aflatoxin B₁ in corn and aflatoxin M₁ in milk. Samples of corn (n=100) and milk (n=250) were simultaneously analyzed using ELISA and LC-MS/MS methods, after the severe drought that affected Serbia in summer 2012 resulting in occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in corn and aflatoxin M₁ in milk. Regression analysis showed higher level of agreement between aflatoxin B₁ samples (R²=0.994), compared to aflatoxin M₁ samples (R²=0.920). However, both techniques were satisfactory in meeting the requirements for official control purposes.     

Aflatoxin B1 contamination of shrimp feeds and its effect on growth and hepatopancreas of pre-adult Penaeus monodon

A survey of aflatoxin B₁ (AFLB₁) levels in commonly used commercial shrimp finisher feeds in the Philippines showed a various range of values from not detected to 120 μg kg^?1 using high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Six experimental diets were prepared to contain various levels of AFLB₁ based on survey results to determine the effects of such contamination in pre-adult shrimp Penaeus monodon (17.5 ± 0.6 g). Results showed that shrimps fed diets containing AFLB₁ greater than or equal to 73.8 μg kg^?1 gave comparatively poor growth rate and higher susceptibility to shell diseases. No AFLB₁ residues were detected in sampled whole shrimp tissues after 62 days of exposure to AFLB₁ containing diets indicating a low potential for transmission of the toxin from edible shrimp tissues to consumers. Histopathological alterations in the hepatopancreas of shrimp chronically exposed to AFLB, were observed in all samples. The degree of alterations correlated with the level of AFLB₁. Based on growth performance, pre-adult shrimps can tolerate AFLB₁ levels of up to 52.3 μg kg^?1 in the feeds although histopathological changes were already evident in the tissues of shrimps given diets with 26.5 μg kg^?1 AFLB₁.     

Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Ozonation to Degrade Aflatoxin in Corn

ABSTRACT: This study determined the efficacy and safety of ozonation in degrading aflatoxin in corn. Ozonation (10 to 12 wt%) reduced aflatoxin levels by 92% and no reversion to the parent compound was observed. Ozonation had minimal effect on fatty acids of uncontaminated corn, but had significant effect on fatty acids of contaminated corn. Crude extracts showed no mutagenic potential in the Ames assay using TA98 and TA100. Clean-up using hexane increased their mutagenic potentials. Clean-up using Mycosep columns increased the mutagenic potentials 18 to 617%. Hexane extracts from ozone-treated contaminated corn had lower inhibitory effect. This suggested that a fat-soluble mutagen is being formed or natural inhibitors of mutagenicity are being destroyed.     

Ethanol extraction of oil,gossypol and aflatoxin from cottonseed

Commercial processing of cottonseed requires hexane to extract and recover edible oil. Gossypol and aflatoxin are not removed from extracted meals. A bench-top extraction process with 95% (vol/vol) aqueous ethanol (EtOH) solvent has been developed that extracts all three of the above materials with a much less volatile solvent. In this process, cottonseed is pretreated and extracted with ambient 95% EtOH to remove gossypol and then extracted with hot 95% EtOH to extract oil and aflatoxin. Membranes and adsorption columns are used to purify the various extract streams, so that they can be recycled directly. A representative extracted meal contained a total gossypol content of 0.47% (a 70% reduction) and 3 ppb aflatoxin (a 95% reduction). Residual oil content was approximately 2%. Although the process is technically feasible, it is presently not economical unless a mill has a continual, serious aflatoxin contamination problem. However, if a plant cannot meet the hexane emission standards under the Clean Air Act of 1990, this process could provide a safer solvent that may expand the use and increase the value of cottonseed meal as a feed for nonruminants. Presented in part at the AOCS annual meeting, Toronto, Canada, May 1992.     

Effect of Cultural Conditions on Chitinase Production from Biocontrol Bacterium Against Aflatoxin

Chitinase is one of the most important mycolytic enzymes with industrial significance. Statistical methods are employed to optimize cultural conditions with the increased production of chitinase for th...     

黄曲霉毒素速测仪的模块化设计方法

为了快速准确地测定粮食和饲料中黄曲霉毒素的含量,设计了基于C8051F020单片机的黄曲霉毒素速测仪.速测仪采用免疫亲和柱-荧光分光光度法进行检测,克服了传统分析方法在标定标准物和样品预处理过程中的不足,显著降低了对操作人员的毒害和环境的二次污染,提高了分析速度.速测仪硬件电路使用模块化设计方法,以提高仪器运行的稳定性.光电转换元件使用具有极高灵敏度和超快时间响应的端窗式光电倍增管,测量线路使用高精度、低漂移集成电路,保证了仪器的灵敏度和测量精度.速测仪结构紧凑,仪器成本低,重复性好,适合现场速测和普及使用,实际应用效果良好.     

甘薯渣发酵海洋放线菌MA03产生抗黄曲霉毒素有效成分的响应面优化研究

海洋放线菌菌株MA03能够产生抗黄曲霉毒素有效成分,为了获得其最佳的发酵条件,同时探索甘薯渣资源化利用的新方法,本研究以甘薯渣为营养基质对MA03进行液体发酵,并采用响应面法优化MA03的发酵条件。利用软件Design-Expert 8.0.6通过Plackett-Burman设计,筛选出3个影响产抑制黄曲霉毒素有效成分的显著因素:海水浓度、硫酸铵浓度和接种量,然后经最陡爬坡实验逼近最大响应值区域,再利用Box-Behnken设计对显著因子进行优化。最终确定最优培养条件为:海水浓度0.64%,硫酸铵浓度3.47‰,接种量8.44%,甘薯渣浓度3%,蔗糖浓度2%,硫酸镁浓度1‰,初始p H8.5,发酵温度28℃,发酵时间10d。此条件下黄曲霉毒素抑制率预测值97.62%,对该模型进行验证,验证实验平均值为96.24%±0.38%,与预测值接近,说明该预测模型可靠性较高,可应用于MA03产抗曲霉有效成分的优化。      

2016—2017年广西食用植物油质量安全监测评价分析

对广西食用植物油质量安全水平和污染程度进行监测评价。2016—2017年对广西14个地级市共抽检监测食用植物油3 821份,按照 GB/T 5009 检测酸价、过氧化值、浸出油溶剂残留、黄曲霉毒素B1、总砷、铅和苯并(a)芘,并依据 GB 2716—2005对食用油进行评价。结果表明：抽检食用植物油总合格率为 92.04%;2016、2017年食用植物油合格率分别为96.70%和91.22%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。从种类看,玉米油、芝麻油和其他食用植物油合格率分别为100%、93.75%和99.61%。花生油合格率最低,为87.83%,黄曲霉毒素B1超标是花生油不合格的主要原因,检出率为8.85%。从包装看,预包装食用植物油的合格率（99.70%）明显高于散装（83.72%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。食用植物油生产加工环节的合格率最低,为88.01%。广西玉米油、芝麻油和其他食用植物油相对而言抽检合格率较高,花生油合格率较低,应加强花生油的抽检监测和监督管理,通过严格落实生产经营者主体责任,积极引导消费者科学理性消费,持续深化小油坊专项治理,不断强化质量安全控制技术研究,逐步推进广西食用植物油安全水平稳步提升。     

云南省部分食品黄曲霉毒素B1膳食暴露风险评估

目的评估云南省部分食品中黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxinB1,AFB1)膳食暴露风险。方法结合2012～2017年云南省部分地区市售大米及其制品、玉米及其制品等6类主要食品的黄曲霉毒素B1含量数据,以及本省营养监测消费量数据,采用点评估方法对云南省居民AFB1暴露水平进行评估。结果云南省全人群来源于6类食品的AFB1暴露量为1.02×10-3μg/kgbw,其中来源于大米的AFB1暴露量最高,占总暴露量的50.98%,其次是玉米及其制品,占18.63%。总暴露量为大城市贫困农村中小城市一般农村;云南省居民AFB1膳食暴露量对肝癌发病率的贡献为0.040/10万人;各地区居民暴露边界比(margin of exposure, MOE)值介于144.07～180.85之间。结论云南省AFB1污染状况相对良好,仍需持续关注; 6类食物中大米、玉米是云南省AFB1的主要暴露来源。     

降解黄曲霉毒素微生物筛选中降解与吸附结合作用的区分

黄曲霉毒素的污染不仅带来巨大的经济损失,而且严重危害人和动物的健康,因而生物降解真菌毒素一直引人关注。但在研究黄曲霉毒素微生物降解时,首先必须要有可靠的方法来判定毒素是被降解还是可逆的吸附结合。该文在黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)降解菌株筛选中,对区分降解与吸附结合作用的方法进行了研究,建立了可靠的分析方法,通过比较不同pH的影响,细胞灭活对AFB1去除的影响,分析菌株细胞水洗脱、有机溶剂萃取后AFB1的变化等方法,有效地排除了生物吸附结合以及pH的干扰,区分了降解作用和可逆的吸附作用,这些方法简单实用。据此,从动物粪便中成功筛选到了2株能高效降解AFB1的菌株F4、F7。