羊毛和羊驼毛纤维弯曲性能的评价

单纤维弯曲性能的评价是研究纤维自身弯曲性质和纺织品柔软性能的重要方面.文章采用纤维轴向压缩弯曲法测量了单纤维弯曲性能.结果表明,羊驼毛比羊毛有更高的抗弯性能,即较刚硬,但羊驼毛纤维表面摩擦阻力较低,即纤维间易于滑移,因此羊驼毛织物手感柔软的主要原因是纤维间的滑移.     

羊驼毛工艺性能测试分析

介绍了羊驼毛纤维表面的鳞片形态特征,对其长度、细度、卷曲、摩擦等工艺性能进行了测试分析,并与山羊绒、超细羊毛、64支澳毛进行了对比研究。结果表明:羊驼毛纤维表面鳞片边缘不光滑,且鳞片翘角大,密度小。纤维的摩擦因数、摩擦效应都比较大,具有很好的缩绒性能。羊驼毛直径粗,有连续型或间断型髓腔。其纤维的卷曲数较少。羊驼毛工艺性能优良,各项指标满足纺织加工的要求。尤其是其长度长、力学性能优异,产品开发潜力巨大。     

高档顺毛大衣呢的设计与生产

以高档顺毛大衣呢026138为例,针对驼羊毛纤维具有抱合力差、强力高、长度长等特点,从原料选用、产品设计入手,对产品的纱线结构进行了合理设计,并对产品的纺纱、织造工艺流程与上机工艺参数和后整理工艺等进行了分析与探讨,得出:生产驼羊毛制品,宜采用其混纺纱作为纬纱,采用精纺设备纺纱;织造工艺以"大张力、中速度、大开口、迟开口、低后梁"为原则;产品后整理时应控制好缩呢、洗呢、蒸呢、烫剪等关键工序的工艺条件,才能保证产品的风格特点。     

拉细羊驼毛的结构形态与性能研究

以4种不同定型方法得到的拉细羊驼毛为对象,研究其鳞片结构形态及细度、强伸性、摩擦性能及热水收缩率。研究表明：拉细羊驼毛表面鳞片或翘起,或撕裂,或脱落,或腐蚀。其摩擦效应下降,在摩擦性能上是优化的。拉细羊驼毛直径减小了5～7μm,为开发高支轻薄面料创造了条件。拉细羊驼毛的强伸性下降,热水收缩率随温度的升高而增大。因此,在实际生产加工中要注意掌握低温轻柔原则。     

半巢式PCR法构建天然噬菌体单域重链抗体文库

目的：构建天然噬菌体单域重链抗体文库,淘选可应用于食品安全检测的单域重链抗体。方法：以未经免疫的健康羊驼(Lama pacos)外周血为起始材料,提取RNA 反转录为cDNA,根据重链抗体保守序列设计引物,通过半巢式PCR 法扩增获得全套重链抗体可变区编码基因,将其克隆至噬菌粒pHEN1,电转化大肠杆菌TG1 得到初级抗体库,辅助噬菌体KM13 感染后得到噬菌体展示库。采用固相淘选法分别对3 种人工抗原进行淘选。结果：单域重链抗体编码基因得到有效扩增,经10 次电转化获得初级文库,命名为SNAL,实际库容量达到1.6 × 107 个独立克隆,菌落PCR 鉴定结果表明,克隆效率约为87%,辅助噬菌体救援后得到的展示文库命名为SNA-PDL,滴度达1013CFU/mL。对3 种不同人工抗原DON-MBSA、NOR-BSA 和AFB1-OVA 的淘选均有富集现象。结论：构建了天然噬菌体单域重链抗体文库,文库的多样性较好,可以用于后续淘选。     

ctDNA含量测定的荧光分析新体系研究

利用荧光光谱法研究了多种不同荧光试剂与ctDNA结合后的光谱特征,实验结果表明c,tDNA能小幅度的增强刚果红的荧光强度,且在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)表面活性剂存在下体系的荧光强度增强比较大,并在一定范围内荧光增强程度与ctDNA的量呈线性关系,据此,建立了一种测定ctDNA含量的荧光新体系。当反应温度为25℃,反应时间为40min,CR浓度为8.0×10-6 mol.L-1,CTMAB的浓度为3.2×10-5mol.L-1时,ctDNA的浓度在0.005～3.600μg.mL-1范围内,体系的△F与ctDNA的浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为:△F=131.22C+3.8543(C:μg.mL-1)r,=0.9988,检测限为0.01μg.mL-1。本方法首次成功地应用于羊驼血液中DNA的测定,回收率为96.25%~102.50%,结果令人满意。     

Determination of the Most Commonly Recognized and Used Keratin Based Luxury Fibers

There is a group of animal fibers known as “luxury fibers.” These are mohair, cashmere, camel hair, lama, alpaca, vicuna, guanaco, angora, yak, and quivit. In this study, the effects of demographical variables such as gender, education, age, sector, and income on the recognition and usage of luxury fibers in Thrace Region of Turkey were investigated. In order to analyze the obtained data, crosstabulation and chi-square statistical methods are used. According to the experimental results it can be said that the most commonly known and used luxury fibers are cashmere, mohair, and angora. The most important (37.6%) reason for participants to use luxury fibers is their warm feeling. On the other hand the most important (approx. 30%) reason for participants not to use them is that they do not have sufficient information about these fibers. It was determined that the most commonly (37.8%) used textile product made of luxury fibers is outerwear. Furthermore, it was found out that approximately 75% of participants accept paying more for garment containing luxury fibers because of their high quality.     

Optimization of Scouring Alpaca Wool by Ultrasonic Technique

This paper presents a new method of scouring wool in small batches using ultrasonic techniques. Alpaca wool because of the variety of colors and delicate structure requires scouring in small batches (sorted colors) and mild conditions. Scouring of alpaca wool in industrial washers used for sheep wool results in strong loop entanglement of wool and makes its further processing impossible. The study on parameters and conditions of the scouring of alpaca wool was carried out on a specially prepared scouring unit developed on the basis of ultrasonic cleaner. Ultrasonic scouring equipment used in the study prevented displacements of wool in the bathtubs and the reaction of metal on the fiber. As the changing conditions, i.e., the scouring parameters, such as the sample mass, scouring time, and detergent concentration affecting the quantity of removed impurities were considered. As a result, the study determined the optimal conditions of the scouring of alpaca wool. The use of ultrasound technology reduces water and detergents consumption and it shortens the time of scouring. The most important result is the obtaining of the scouring wool without damages and entanglements.     

拉伸细化羊驼毛纤维热定形效果研究

文章选择我国培育的羊驼毛为原料,以羊毛拉伸细化技术为基础,采用单纤维拉伸的方式,通过水浴定形和化学定形2种方法,并以定形效率为指标讨论定形温度、定形时间和试剂浓度对定形效果的影响,结果表明:2种定形方法对拉伸羊驼毛的定形效果在66%～87%之间。水浴定形因定形时间长,定形温度高而定形效果较好。高锰酸钾因氧化性很强,工艺不易控制,定形时间短而定形效果较差。过硫酸钾和过硼酸钠作用缓和,定形时间长,定形效果较好。     

Softness evaluation of keratin fibers based on single‐fiber bending test

The evaluation of single‐fiber softness by bending is an ingenious and vital approach for the basic investigation of both the fiber bending properties and the textile softness. The bending behavior and bending modulus of wool, alpaca and silk fibers have been measured by an axial‐buckling method developed by the authors, which uses the fiber compression bending analyzer (FICBA). The bending properties of single fibers were quantified by calculating the equivalent bending modulus and the flexural rigidity by measuring the protruding length and diameter of fiber needles and the critical force, P_cr, obtained from the peak point of the force‐displacement curve. The measured data showed that the equivalent bending modulus of the alpaca fiber is higher than that of wool fiber, and even the rigidity is 10 times as high as wool, but its friction coefficient is lower than that of wool, which means that the soft handle of alpaca fabrics is mainly due to the smooth surface and low friction coefficient of alpaca fibers in contrast to that of wool fiber. For the silk fiber, despite high equivalent bending modulus, the smoother handle of silk should be mainly due to the thin fiber diameter in contrast to that of keratin fibers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 701–707, 2006