Screen‐printed biosensor for allergens

Allergen levels in indoor environments, leading to many diseases, eg asthma, rhinitis and conjunctivitis, affect a large and increasing fraction of the population. A quite effective and inexpensive method of a rough but very rapid overall assessment of total allergen level in the environment has been developed. The method involved estimation of protein in allergen extracts by screen‐printed electrodes using two different techniques. The biosensor comprised a rhodinised carbon working electrode, a silver/silver chloride reference electrode and a carbon counter electrode. In the first method the enzyme protease reacted with allergen protein to release amino acid, which produced hydrogen peroxide in the presence of amino acid oxidase. This was detected amperometrically. The second method used potassium bromide as electrolyte and the electrode was subjected to dual potential. Bromine, released due to electrolysis at higher potential, was consumed by the allergen protein at lower potential. In the first method, a unique technique was used to microencapsulate the enzyme protease and immobilise it on the surface of the electrode by in‐situ polymerisation to avoid contact with the amino acid oxidase. A total of seven allergens were tested and the results gave a good correlation with the standard protein measurement method. Environmental specimens from indoors, schools and workplaces can be evaluated for the aeroallergens produced by dust mites, animal hairs, cockroach debris, pollens, etc as a means of determining the exposure risk. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于电流镜的电化学CMOS恒电位仪的设计

设计了一种基于电流镜的三电极电化学传感器CMOS恒电位仪电路,由控制运放、电流镜和单端输出的跨导放大器构成.与传统的恒电位仪相比,该电路结构简单,减少了读出电路的功耗和版图面积,具有较宽的动态范围.在CSMC 0.5μm 2PTM CMOS工艺下,用Spectre仿真器对电路进行了模拟,仿真结果表明:传感电流范围为20...     

液相安培法检测鳗鱼中的磺胺类药物

本文建立了液相色谱安培检测鳗鱼中常用8种磺胺检测方法,采用甲醇:磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=3)梯度淋洗,反相C18分离.样品采用乙腈提取后,正己烷脱脂,用Oasis MCX、MAX小柱净化后,采用玻碳电极直流安培1.3V检测.线性范围为0.05-100μg/mL,分别做3个浓度的添加回收,方法回收率在52.8～102.0%之间,方法精密度在0.8～4.6%之间,方法定量限为0.5-4μg/kg.     

毛细管电泳脉冲安培法测定二氯苯酚的离解常数

基于毛细管电泳三脉冲安培检测技术,利用毛细管电泳中不同pH值条件下有效淌度(μeff)与缓冲溶液中[H ]的非线性关系,以及1／μeff缓冲溶液中[H ]的线性关系,测定了2,4-二氯苯酚(DCP)的离解常数。考察了三脉冲电位及时间、电解液的浓度、酸度、电泳电压及进样时间对测定的影响,得到了最优测定条件。以微盘铂电极为工作电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极,三脉冲电位为:C1-300mV, t1200ms;E2600mV,t2100ms;E31000mV,t3100ms。该方法具有简单、快速、准确等特点。测得二氯苯酚的pK,为7.91。     

高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培法测定W135群和Y群脑膜炎球菌多糖中半乳糖和葡萄糖含量

目的采用高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培法(High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsedamperometric detection,HPAEC-PAD)测定W135群和Y群脑膜炎球菌荚膜多糖中半乳糖和葡萄糖的含量,并对该方法进行验证及初步应用。方法多糖蛋白结合物原液的混合液经HCl水解处理后,进样CarboPac PA10柱,以氢氧化钠-醋酸钠梯度流洗,脉冲积分安培检测器检测。筛选样品的水解条件;对HPAEC-PAD法进行专属性、精密性及准确性验证,并进行初步应用。结果确定的样品水解条件为以2 mol/L HCl于85℃处理1 h。载体蛋白破伤风类毒素对检测结果无干扰;重复性、日内精密性和不同操作者之间精密性试验结果的RSD均小于5%;准确性试验中葡萄糖和半乳糖的回收率在90%～110%之间。HPAEC-PAD法测定多糖蛋白结合物原液的多糖含量与传统间苯二酚比色法测定结果相当;成品疫苗中的W135群和Y群多糖含量测定结果符合《A、C、W135、Y群脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗制造及检定规程草案》的规定(均≥4μg/剂)。结论 HPAEC-PAD法专属性、精密性和准确性良好,可用于A、C、W135、Y群脑膜炎球菌结合疫苗中W135群和Y群多糖含量的测定。     

Determination of chlorine ions in raw milk by pulsed amperometric detection in a flow injection system

Chloride ion concentration in milk was determined by pulsed amperometric detection in a flow injection system. Results showed that the Au electrode lost 3 electrons at 1.10 V and formed chloroaurate ions (AuCl₄^?) by combining with chloride ions, after which AuCl₄^? was partly reduced to Au at 0.6 V. Based on the electrochemical process, a triple waveform with detection potential of 1.15 V, detection time of 150 ms, oxidation potential of 1.4 V, oxidation time of 550 ms, reduction potential of 0 V, and reduction time of 400 ms was applied to the Au electrode for detecting chloride ion concentration in milk. The approach is rapid and automatic and features a detection limit of 0.005 g/L. The relative standard deviation obtained by 60 repetitive injections reached 1.48% at 2 g/L of NaCl. The method developed using the Au electrode without modification was used to analyze the chloride ion concentration in raw milk without preprocessing. The method showed good agreement with potentiometric titration.     

A high precision CMOS weak current readout circuit

rents from 1 pA to 300 nA can be detected with a maximum nonlinearity of 0.3% over the full scale.     

Characterization and Food Application of an Amperometric Needle-Type L-Lactate Sensor

There have been increasing needs for biosensing in the food industry because it is accurate, rapid and efficient. A needle-type L-lactate sensor with a three-layer membrane system which uses lactate oxidase as the biological component was prepared. The sensor had an optimum pH around 9–10 and an optimum temperature at 45 C. The current response was stable over 40 days and specifically responded to L-lactic acid. The sensor gave accurate L-lactate measurements in kimchi and yogurt of 187.4 ± 4.1 and 734.1 ± 34.5 mg/dL, similar to those of a spectrophotometric L-lactate kit.     

液相色谱双柱法和高效离子交换色谱法测定低聚半乳糖含量比较

目的:优化对比液相色谱双柱法和高效离子交换色谱法两种测定低聚半乳糖含量的方法,同时建立一种新的低聚半乳糖换算系数(K值)计算方法;方法:对现有上述两种测定低聚半乳糖含量的检测方法进行对比分析,筛选出分离效果更好的糖柱,并进一步优化色谱条件。结果:优化后的液相色谱双柱法对低聚半乳五糖到低聚半乳八糖的分离效果明显提升,提高了测定准确度,而高效离子交换色谱法操作更加简便;根据不同样品选用不同K值来计算低聚半乳糖含量的方式可进一步提升结果的精确性。结论:两种方法均可有效对低聚半乳糖含量进行检验分析,高效离子交换色谱法检测灵敏度较高,且已被AOAC等国际权威机构纳入标准检测方法,可作为低聚半乳糖含量测定的标准仲裁法;液相色谱双柱法测定低聚半乳糖更为简便快捷,经济适用,可用于生产企业日常产品检测。     

Kinetic characterization of Prussian Blue-modified graphite electrodes for amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide

Prussian Blue-modified graphite electrodes (G/PB) with electrocatalytic activity toward H₂O₂ reduction were obtained by PB potentiostatic electrodeposition from a mixture containing 2.5 mm FeCl₃ + 2.5 mm K₃[Fe(CN)₆] + 0.1 m KCl + 0.1 m HCl. From cyclic voltammetric measurements, performed in KCl aqueous solutions of different concentrations (5 × 10⁻²–1 m), the rate constant for the heterogeneous electron transfer (k _s) was estimated by using the Laviron treatment. The highest k_s value (10.7 s⁻¹) was found for 1 m KCl solution. The differences between the electrochemical parameters of the voltammetric response, as well as the shift of the formal potential, observed in the presence of Cl⁻ and NO₃⁻ compared to those observed in the presence of SO₄²⁻ ions, points to the involvement of anions in the redox reactions of PB. The G/PB electrodes showed a good electrochemical stability proved by a low deactivation rate constant (0.8 × 10⁻¹² mol cm² s⁻¹). The electrocatalytic efficiency, estimated as the ratio , was found to be 3.6 (at an applied potential of 0 mV vs. SCE; Γ = 5 × 10⁻⁸ mol cm⁻²) for a H₂O₂ concentration of 5 mm, thus indicating G/PB electrodes as possible H₂O₂ sensors.