GY-340厌氧胶的技术发展回顾

本文是关于GY-340厌氧胶及其相关产品的一些研制情况回顾和评论，并介绍了用组合引发剂的厌氧胶可以获得较好的固化和贮存性能。     

生物除铬(VI)效果及机理探讨

以特定污泥挂膜的自制厌氧生物滤床系统具有良好的去铬(VI)能力。恒流泵最佳流量为47mL/min,外加碳源使废水COD约140mg/L,铬(VI)的浓度由60mg/L左右降到0.5mg/L以下(一级排放标准),需要4h,而对照组(未加碳源)需要14h。铬(VI)浓度由64.66mg/L提高到75.53mg/L时,对系统负面影响甚微,提高到95.47mg/L时,系统出水达标所需时间延长到7.5h。添加微量金属离子与未添加微量金属离子的情况相比,处理效率提高21.26%。分析试验表明:铬(VI)的去除途径可能是由生物还原作用将六价铬还原为三价铬,形成氢氧化铬沉积于微生物表面。     

固定化微生物脱除工业酸性废气中H_2S的研究

以H 2软性填料作为氧化亚铁硫杆菌的固定化载体 ,构成了固定床生物反应器。在一定操作条件下 ,考察了固定床生物反应器对Fe2 +的氧化速率 ,最大可达 7.6 7g/ (L·h)。并对固定床生物反应器运行中在载体表面形成的络合物进行了研究 ,X射线衍射证明此络合物为黄钾铁矾 [KFe3(SO4 ) 2 (OH) 6]。     

Performance evaluation of a water/silicone oil two‐phase partitioning bioreactor using Rhodococcus erythropolis T902.1 to remove volatile organic compounds from gaseous effluents

BACKGROUND: In the framework of biological processes used for waste gas treatment, the impact of the inoculum size on the start‐up performance needs to be better evaluated. Moreover, only a few studies have investigated the behaviour of elimination capacity and biomass viability in a two‐phase partitioning bioreactor (TPPB) used for waste gas treatment. Lastly, the impact of ethanol as a co‐substrate remains misunderstood. RESULTS: Firstly, no benefit of inoculation with a high cellular density (>1.5 g L^?1) was observed in terms of start‐up performance. Secondly, the TPPB was monitored for 38 days to characterise its behaviour under several operational conditions. The removal efficiency remained above 63% for an inlet concentration of 7 g isopropylbenzene (IPB) m^?3 and at some time points reached 92% during an intermittent loading phase (10 h day^?1), corresponding to a mean elimination capacity of 4 × 10^?3 g L^?1 min^?1 (240 g m^?3 h^?1) for a mean IPB inlet load of 6.19 × 10^?3 g L^?1 min^?1 (390 g m^?3 h^?1). Under continuous IPB loading, the performance of the TPPB declined, but the period of biomass acclimatisation to this operational condition was shorter than 5 days. The biomass grew to approximately 10 g L^?1 but the cellular viability changed greatly during the experiment, suggesting an endorespiration phenomenon in the bioreactor. It was also shown that simultaneous degradation of IPB and ethanol occurred, suggesting that ethanol improves the biodegradation process without causing oxygen depletion. CONCLUSION: A water/silicone oil TPPB with ethanol as co‐substrate allowed the removal of a high inlet load of IPB during an experiment lasting 38 days. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

2,4,6‐Trichlorophenol and phenol removal in methanogenic and partially‐aerated methanogenic conditions in a fluidized bed bioreactor

A fluidized bed bioreactor (FBBR) was operated for more than 575 days to remove 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (TCP) and phenol (Phe) from a synthetic toxic wastewater containing 80 mg L^?1 of TCP and 20 mg L^?1 of Phe under two regimes: Methanogenic (M) and Partially‐Aerated Methanogenic (PAM). The mesophilic, laboratory‐scale FBBR consisted of a glass column (3 L capacity) loaded with 1 L of 1 mm diameter granular activated carbon colonized by an anaerobic consortium. Sucrose (1 g COD L^?1) was used as co‐substrate in the two conditions. The hydraulic residence time was kept constant at 1 day. Both conditions showed similar TCP and Phe removal (99.9 + %); nevertheless, in the Methanogenic regime, the accumulation of 4‐chlorophenol (4CP) up to 16 mg L^?1 and phenol up to 4 mg L^?1 was observed, whereas in PAM conditions 4CP and other intermediates were not detected. The specific methanogenic activity of biomass decreased from 1.01 ± 0.14 in M conditions to 0.19 ± 0.06 mmolCH₄ h^?1 gTKN^?1 in PAM conditions whereas the specific oxygen uptake rate increased from 0.039 ± 0.008 in M conditions to 0.054 ± 0.012 mmolO₂ h^?1 gTKN^?1, which suggested the co‐existence of both methanogenic archaea and aerobic bacteria in the undefined consortium. The advantage of the PAM condition over the M regime is that it provides for the thorough removal of less‐substituted chlorophenols produced by the reductive dehalogenation of TCP rather than the removal of the parent compound itself. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

TNT-RDX混合废水处理的实验研究——生物-吸附法

介绍了在２５￣３５℃的温度下，用厌氧－兼氧－水生生物－吸附组合工艺处理ＴＮＴ和ＲＤＸ混合废水的方法，进行了日处理量为６０￣９００Ｌ的实验室放大实验。当ＴＮＴ和ＲＤＸ混合废水总浓度为４￣１２ｍｇ／Ｌ时，经过该工艺处理后可达到国家排放标准。其中厌氧－兼氧能去除废水中８０％以上的ＴＮＴ和ＲＤＸ，水生生物（水葫芦）对ＴＮＴ及ＲＤＸ也有一定的降解效果，最后用活性炭吸附可以实现深度处理。     

油田采出水的高温水解-好氧处理工艺研究

根据油田采出水的水质特征，采用厌氧(水解)-好氧(接触氧化)处理工艺。实验表明，虽然油田采出水的BOD5／CODCr，较低，属于难生物降解废水，但是当温度为50～60℃时，选择厌氧停留时间为6h，好氧停留时间为3．5h，气水比为10～20，可使其出水的CODCr稳定在120mg／L左右。如果排除Cl^-产生的影响，CODCr，约为60～70mg／L，达到GB8978-1996一级排放标准。     

Municipal solid waste conversion to energy

In recent years it has been recognised by an increasing number of nations that there is considerable energy potential within MSW. As a result many countries have established R,D& D programmes to examine methods of exploiting this potential. The IEA's MSW Conversion Activity was set up in 1986 to provide an infrastructure for sharing information and co-ordinating work in this area internationally. This Activity was extended in 1989 and currently a total of 9 nations participate in it.

To cope with the wide scope of the area (encompassing both biological and thermal processing of MSW) the Activity was divided into three subgroups or Expert Working Groups (EWGs). Each of these dealt with a distinct area of expertise:

1. •Downstream effects of source separation and screening of MSW

2. •Sampling and analytical protocols

3. •Landfill gas

In addition to these groups a central secretariat based at Harwell (UK) has provided guidance, established and administered databases of contacts and produced a series of national reports.

This paper describes the achievements of the Activity and discusses work proposed for the future.     

Kinetic analysis for effect of initial substrate concentration on growth and secondary metabolite production in cultures of Nicotiana tabacum

Suspension cultures of tobacco cells were studied using airlift and rotary-drum bioreactors. The effect of initial concentrations of a major substrate, sucrose, on the growth and production of a secondary metabolite, phenolic compounds, was investigated. The dry weights and total concentrations of the phenolic compounds increased with the initial sucrose concentration in both bioreactors. Both bioreactors were found to have the same tendency for the effect of initial sucrose concentration. The structured model, presented previously was modified by considering that sucrose was hydrolyzed to glucose and fructose by an enzymatic reaction. The previous and the new models were applied to the above two sets of experimental data obtained with two bioreactors, independently. The hydrolysis of sucrose was elucidated to contribute slightly to the overall kinetics of growth and secondary metabolite production in these cultures. Furthermore, the levels of shear damage in each bioreactor were quantitatively compared based on the death rate constant, k_i, which is one of the model constants.