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1.
Deep geological repositories for radioactive waste contain metallic materials, either used to construct disposal canisters or as low-/intermediate-level waste (L/ILW). The safety relevance of corrosion is linked to canister lifetime in the former case and gas generation in the latter. More specifically, the Belgian “supercontainer” concept envisages mild steel for the used fuel disposal canister, and in the case of the Swiss L/ILW repository, mild steels are the largest metallic waste component due to the decommissioning of civilian power-generating facilities. For these circumstances, the corrosion environment is dominated by the chemistry of cement, which is used as buffer or backfill material. The corrosion behaviour of mild steel in anoxic environments was studied through the analysis of the hydrogen end-product. Hydrogen analysis was conducted by periodically purging the cell head-space and analysing the gas using a solid-state hydrogen sensor. While this method is limited to providing only uniform corrosion rates averaged over periods of time, ranging from weeks to months, it provides excellent resolution and sensitivity. The test cell environments were matched against the anticipated Belgian high-level waste and Swiss L/ILW repository environments, and also against experiments that have been conducted by other researchers for comparative purposes. Samples were exposed to synthetic cement pore waters, representing fresh and degraded cement. In young cement waters, the formation of initial corrosion products resulted in steel wire corrosion rates of the order of µm/year, which, at 80°C rapidly declined to ∼10 nm/year. In contrast, SA516 grade 70 steel plate corroded much more slowly under similar conditions. In aged cement waters, initial corrosion rates were higher but declined faster towards a longer-term rate of ∼10 nm/year. 316L stainless steel, embedded in cementitious material, corroded at a rate of <1 nm/year at 50°C. 相似文献
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玄武岩纤维填料应用于两种混合生长反应器的评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用单丝直径微米级的伞状玄武岩纤维(BF)作为填料,将其引入序批式反应器(SBR)和后置缺氧反硝化SBR外聚合物(EPS)含量和扫描电子显微镜形貌图,考察了两种SHBR的污水处理效果。试验结果表明:基于SBR的SHBR的出水COD、氨氮、总氮去除率分别为83.2%、89.9%、86.8%;基于后置缺氧反硝化SBR的SHBR优良,而基于后置缺氧反硝化SBR的SHBR的脱氮效果得到进一步的优化和提升。两种SHBR的BF填料中EPS含量分析结果显示:在好氧环境下,蛋白质(PN)的含量高于多糖(PS)的含量;在缺氧条件下,PS的含量明显高于PN的含量。 相似文献
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为考察煤制气废水3种典型有机污染物(喹啉、吡啶、邻苯二酚)的缺氧生物降解性能及降解途径,利用缺氧驯化污泥作为接种污泥,以硝态氮为电子受体,考察了3种有机物的缺氧降解过程,并利用UV-Vis和GC/MS分析3种物质缺氧降解机理.结果表明:3种污染物对缺氧微生物抑制与毒害作用随初始质量浓度增加而增强;缺氧降解48 h后,剩余底物质量浓度随初始质量浓度增加而增大;3种污染物缺氧生物降解速率常数大小顺序为吡啶邻苯二酚喹啉.缺氧降解中污染物未被完全氧化成CO2和H2O,部分生成了较底物自身降解性更差的中间产物.葡萄糖共基质可以提高难降解污染物缺氧降解性能,且共代谢作用对自身生物降解性差的污染物降解性能的提高更显著.利用UV-Vis和GC/MS分析了污染物缺氧生物降解途径,结果表明,喹啉和吡啶的降解均始于分子羟基化反应.污染物定量结构-生物降解性关系(QSBR)研究表明,3种物质的缺氧降解速率常数Ks与分子连接性指数1Xv和前线最高占据轨道能EHOMO有很好的相关性. 相似文献
5.
采用HSB微生物菌种技术和缺氧一好氧组合工艺处理焦化废水。研究表明:该技术处理焦化废水有很好的效果,其中COD指标从3000mg/L左右降至150mg/L以下,处理效率96.7%以上;NH3-N指标从500mg/L降至15mg/L以下,处理效率97%以上;出水酚、氰、油等污染物均可达排放标准(GB8978-1996)。 相似文献
6.
Research in neuropsychology suggests that the etiology of a neurologic injury determines the neuropathological and neuropsychological changes. This study compared neuropsychological outcome in subjects who had traumatic brain injury (TBI) with subjects who had anoxic brain injury (ABI), who were matched for age, gender, and ventricle-to-brain ratio. There were no group differences for morphologic or neuropsychological measures. Both groups exhibited impaired memory, attention, and executive function, as well as slowed mental processing speed. Intelligence correlated with whole brain volume, and measures of memory correlated with hippocampal atrophy. There was no unique contribution of hippocampal atrophy on neuropsychological outcome between the groups. In the absence of localized lesions, the amount of neural tissue loss, rather than etiology, may be the critical factor in neuropsychological outcome. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
7.
Feedforward control application in aerobic and anoxic biotrickling filters for H2S removal from biogas
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8.
通过设置缺氧区、分区种植水生植物构建微生物与多种水生生物共同作用的缺氧/好氧生物塘,对达到一级A排放标准的污水处理厂尾水进行中试规模的深度处理研究.结果表明,缺氧/好氧生物塘对污水处理厂尾水的处理效果较好,出水DO浓度明显升高,平均值为3.67mg/L;对COD和硝酸盐氮的平均去除率分别可达到58.25%和37.74%,出水浓度可达到地表Ⅲ类水质标准;对总磷的平均去除率为35.66%,出水浓度可达到地表Ⅴ类水质标准.缺氧/好氧生物塘对污染物的去除是微生物降解与生物链摄取共同作用的结果. 相似文献
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