When danger lurks in the background: Attentional capture by animal fear-relevant distractors is specific and selectively enhanced by animal fear.

Across 2 experiments, a new experimental procedure was used to investigate attentional capture by animal fear-relevant stimuli. In Experiment 1 (N = 34), unselected participants were slower to detect a neutral target animal in the presence of a spider than a cockroach distractor and in the presence of a snake than a large lizard distractor. This result confirms that phylogenetically fear-relevant animals capture attention specifically and to a larger extent than do non-fear-relevant animals. In Experiment 2 (N = 86), detection of a neutral target animal was slowed more in the presence of a feared fear-relevant distractor (e.g., a snake for snake-fearful participants) than in presence of a not-feared fear-relevant distractor (e.g., a spider for snake-fearful participants). These results indicate preferential attentional capture that is specific to phylogenetically fear-relevant stimuli and is selectively enhanced in individuals who fear these animals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

学习者焦虑感之成因及其消除策略

多数学习者的成绩与其性格有关。那些性格内向、缺乏自信心者常常产生焦虑感，羞于开口，担心犯错误，进而影响学习成绩。文章就学习者焦虑感的产生与课堂教学活动之间的相互作用进行了探讨，并在此基础上提出了如何减少或消除焦虑感的策略。     

非英语专业大学生外语学习焦虑研究

在对非英语专业大学生在外语学习中的焦虑状况进行调查的基础上,通过定量研究和定性研究,发现大学生在外语学习中产生焦虑的主要原因来自交际畏惧。提出教师在教学过程中可以尝试利用适度纠错、合作学习等教学调控策略,以消除或降低焦虑对语言学习产生的负面效应,促进非英语专业大学生的语言学习。     

高职高专新生社交焦虑现状调查分析

以某高职高专院校400名新同学为研究对象,采用交往焦虑量表(IAS)为调查研究工具,对高职院校新生社交焦虑现状进行调查。调查结果用SPSS 16.0统计软件进行分析,结果显示,目前的高职高专新生比一般本科院校学生,在人际交往的主观感受方面,社交焦虑程度偏高,且随性别、是否担任学生干部、所学科目类别、生源地、家庭经济因素等条件的不同会产生差异。通过对调查结果的仔细分析,提出从事心理辅导的教师、辅导员及班主任重视并关注社交焦虑得分较高、有疑似社交焦虑恐惧症状的同学,采用合适的方法给予心理辅导,使其逐步消除主观社交焦虑情绪,建立和谐良好的人际关系的建议。     

校企合作视域下高职思想政治教育创新与实践

在校企合作背景下,企业不再仅是人才培养的旁观者和使用者,而是承担起了实践育人的主体责任.在分析校企合作视域下高职思想政治教育创新优势的基础上,提出了在校企合作学生政治教育实践中应注意防止功利化倾向及心理落差带来的职业焦虑等问题.     

认知风格差异田径运动员竞赛焦虑与竞技水平发挥的关系

为研究中国田径项目高水平运动员不同认知风格的赛前竞赛焦虑特征及与竞技水平发挥程度的关系,采用镶嵌图形测验和竞赛状态焦虑问卷的方法,对15个省、市93名优秀田径运动员进行调查。结果显示：场依存运动员竞技水平发挥率与认知状态焦虑、躯体状态焦虑均呈负相关,与状态自信心正相关。场独立运动员竞技水平发挥率与认知状态焦虑呈负相关,与躯体状态焦虑、状态自信心呈正相关。场独立组运动员低认知状态焦虑、高躯体状态焦虑与状态自信心,竞技水平发挥率更好。场依存组运动员低认知状态焦虑与躯体状态焦虑、高状态自信心,竞技水平发挥率更好。场依存组运动员的竞技水平发挥率与认知状态焦虑各组负相关、与躯体状态焦虑、状态自信心各组均呈正相关。场独立运动员的竞技水平发挥率与两组不同水平的认知状态焦虑、状态自信心呈正相关,与高躯体状态焦虑组中度负相关,与低组呈低度负相关。     

高校英语课堂学习焦虑量表(FLCAS)问卷分析

通过对高校非英语专业学生英语课堂学习焦虑量表的问卷调查,发现专业和性别的不同产生焦虑程度显著差距,并提出降低焦虑程度的策略。     

高职高专学生外语学习焦虑及对策

外语学习焦虑是学生对外语学习没有信心的一种潜意识的心理状态,高职高专学生因其外语基础较弱,外语学习焦虑感尤为明显。基于外语学习的三种焦虑感:交流畏惧、负评价恐惧和考试焦虑分析了高职高专学生学习焦虑的形成原因,并提出了外语学习焦虑的改善建议。     

Increased Vulnerability to Stress Following Opiate Exposures: Behavioral and Autonomic Correlates.

The authors used rats to study the impact of a history of opiate exposures on behavioral and autonomic responses to restraint stress. Brief restraint (30 min) provoked tachycardia and a pressor response, anxiety (as indexed by social interaction), grooming, and reduced exploration. The pressor response was reduced at 1 day, but not 7 days, after last opiate exposure; tachycardia was unaffected (Experiment 1). Stress-induced anxiety was potentiated 1 and 7 days after last opiate exposure (Experiment 2), and this potentiation was a function of dose (Experiment 3) and duration (Experiment 4) of opiate exposure. The results show that a history of opiate exposures alters vulnerability to stress and has implications for understanding coping, anxiety, and emotionality in former opiate users. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Resolving Apparent Contradictions Concerning the Relationships Among Fear or Anxiety and Aggression During Lactation: Theoretical Comment on D'Anna, Stevenson, and Gammie (2005).

Pregnancy and lactation involve dramatic changes in behavior and physiology necessary for the successful production and sustenance of offspring. This requires numerous processes to emerge and be coordinated in a finely tuned manner. Reduced corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor activity and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function are thought to be involved in numerous functions during lactation, such as reducing fear and anxiety, which in turn, is proposed to disinhibit aggressive behaviors. K. L. D'Anna, S. A. Stevenson, and S. C. Gammie (2005) reported that central infusion of urocortin 1 and 3, anxiogenic peptides that bind to CRF receptors, reduce maternal aggression in lactating mice and alter neural c-fos expression. However, the relationship between stress hormones and where they act, emotional state, and aggression during lactation is complicated, and our understanding of how these factors influence each other might benefit from a comprehensive reevaluation of these literatures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)