井下乳化/水热催化裂解复合降黏开采稠油技术研究

实验考察了胜利孤东稠油井下催化水热裂解和乳化/催化水热裂解降黏效果。所用催化剂为水溶性铁镍钒体系,Fe3+∶Ni2+∶VO4+=5∶1∶1,100 g稠油与30 g 0.5%催化剂水溶液在240℃反应24小时。原始黏度(50℃)11.0和8.36 Pa.s的两种稠油裂解并静置除水后,黏度降低76.2%和75.6%,室温放置60天后降黏率下降小于3个百分点,气相色谱显示裂解后轻组分明显增加,红外光谱显示稠油组分发生脱羧反应且芳环数减少。讨论了稠油催化水热裂解反应机理。所用化学助剂JN-A在油水中均可溶,耐温达250℃,耐矿化度达50 g/L,其水溶液以30∶100的质量比与稠油混合时形成低黏度的O/W乳状液。当水相含1.0%JN-A和0.5%催化剂时,两种稠油水热裂解后的反应混合物为O/W乳状液,黏度仅为319和309 mPa.s,静置除水后的稠油降黏率增加到86.5%和87.3%,其中的轻组分含量进一步增加。该井下乳化/催化水热裂解复合降黏法成功地用于孤东两口蒸汽吞吐井,稠油井作业后初期采出的原油黏度由~9 Pa.s降低到1 Pa.s左右,随采油时间延长而逐渐升高,约50天后超过4Pa.s。图2表6参5。     

井下裂解提高稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐采收率

开展了井下裂解就地改质稠油,提高稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐采收率的室内模拟实验和矿场应用试验。研究表明,油藏矿物可催化稠油水热裂解反应,其中黏土矿物的催化效果优于其他矿物,可使稠油黏度降低30%以上,黏土矿物含量越高,越有利于水热裂解反应;注入催化剂硫酸镍和供氢剂四氢萘溶液段塞后,蒸汽吞吐最终采收率大幅度提高,比单纯蒸汽吞吐提高8.8%,产出油降黏率增加51.7%,饱和烃、芳香烃含量分别增加38.0 mg/g 和26.3 mg/g,胶质、沥青质含量分别降低41.9 mg/g 和41.1 mg/g. 矿场试验结果表明,井下裂解就地改质稠油技术可延长蒸汽吞吐周期生产时间、提高日产油量、提高油汽比和回采水率,较大程度地改善蒸汽吞吐开发效果。     

辽河稠油水热裂解催化及化学强化降黏研究

为确保稠油就地水热裂解降黏技术更好地实施,选取辽河油田齐40、齐108和杜32区块为研究目标,以油藏矿物、硫酸镍、环烷酸镍和甲酸供氢剂为催化体系,开展了对油藏矿物地质催化性能及其与外加化学剂协同催化作用的实验研究。实验结果表明,油藏矿物可催化稠油水热裂解反应,并可与催化剂协同催化稠油水热裂解。矿物组成不同,其协同效果不同。油砂矿物存在时,环烷酸镍与硫酸镍结合使用后的催化效果更强,并可节省环烷酸镍用量。甲酸供氢剂的加入可进一步强化稠油水热裂解反应。     

水热裂解开采稠油技术研究进展

综述了水热裂解开采稠油技术的研究与应用,介绍了该技术的研究现状及使用该技术在油田企业的现场试验结果,阐述了稠油水热裂解反应机理和该技术的应用前景及研究方向。     

稠油井下改质降黏开采中高效催化剂的研究与应用

 研究了油溶性水热裂解催化剂XAGD-2对稠油黏度、组成和平均分子量的影响。结果表明,该催化剂将过渡金属离子置于有机酸骨架上,具有油溶性,实现了均相催化,且合成方法简单,成本低廉,稳定性良好,催化效率高,使用温度范围广。在反应温度在200℃,反应时间为24 h,催化剂XAGD-2及供氢剂加入量分别为0.3% (wt)和0.1% (wt)时,可使胜利稠油降粘80%以上。稠油经处理后,其饱和烃、芳香烃质量分数增加, 胶质和沥青质质量分数明显下降,从而导致稠油的黏度降低,平均分子量减小。胜利油田现场应用证明,油溶性催化剂体系XAGD-2可有效改善热采稠油油藏吞吐开发效果,实现井下催化降黏,提高原油产量。     

The aquathermolysis of heavy oil from Riphean-Vendian complex with iron-based catalyst: FT-IR spectroscopy data

In this paper, we investigated the influence of steam treatment on structural group composition of resins and asphaltenes of heavy oil. The object of investigation was oil-saturated rocks from Riphean-Vendian complex. The extracted crude oil was determined as a high-viscous fluid. The resins and asphaltenes destructed in a small extent due to thermal treatment. The oil-soluble iron-based catalyst intensified the destructive processes. The content of sulfur compounds (-SO) in resins and asphaltenes drastically decreased due to reduction reaction of sulfoxide to sulfide and hydrogen sulfide. The results showed that catalytic aquathermolysis, even at low temperature ranges, promoted the cracking reaction of most macromolecular components and increased the content of light fractions of heavy oil. Consequently, it reduced its viscosity.     

Numerical simulation of solvent and water assisted electrical heating of oil sands including aquathermolysis and thermal cracking reactions

Simulations of bitumen recovery using solvent‐ and water‐assisted electrical heating of oil sands are presented to evaluate the process and to study gas generation. Aquathermolysis and thermal cracking and dissolution of acid‐gases in water are included. Steam‐assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is also simulated for comparison. Results show that gas generation negatively impacts SAGD. However, in electrical heating dissolution of gases into solvent weakens their negative impact. Results indicate that SAGD generates a larger gas volume than electrical heating. In both processes, methane is found to be the major species in the produced gas and H₂S concentration can reach high values. While the effect of acid–gas solubility in water on oil recovery is not evident its effect on generated gas volume is significant. Simulation results demonstrate that electrical heating is more energy efficient than SAGD. These results find application in design of experiments and pilot and field‐scale implementation of the process. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 4243–4258, 2017     

稠油地面催化改质降黏技术的研究进展

综述了稠油地面催化改质、催化水热裂解改质、离子液体改质和物理场辅助催化改质降黏技术的研究进展。从催化水热裂解的理论机理研究方面对水热裂解催化降黏方法进行了介绍,分析了稠油水热裂解涉及的催化裂解化学反应及其机理。     

稠油水热裂解反应动力学研究

根据辽河稠油水热裂解实验中各种产物的变化规律,建立了五集总(气体、饱和分、芳香分、胶质、沥青质)动力学模型。并将Runge-Kutm积分法与复合形法联用,求取模型中的动力学参数。计算结果表明,稠油水热裂解五集总动力学模型与实验数据吻合很好。     

Aquathermolysis of conventional heavy oil with superheated steam

This paper presents a new aquathermolysis study of conventional heavy oil in superheated steam. A new high temperature autoclave was designed, where volume and pressure could be adjusted. Aquathermolysis was studied on two different conventional heavy oil samples under different reaction times and temperatures. Experimental results show that aquathermolysis does take place for conventional heavy oil. As reaction time increases, the oil viscosity reduces. However, the reaction will reach equilibrium after a certain period of time and won＇t be sensitive to any further reaction time any more. Analysis shows that, while resin and asphaltenes decrease, saturated hydrocarbons and the H/C ratio increase after reaction. The main mechanism of aquathermolysis includes hydrogenization, desulfuration reaction of resin and asphaltenes, etc.