A new efficient method for one‐pot conversions of aryl carboxylic acids into nitriles without solvent

A new efficient method for synthesising nitriles, important organic reagents, is reported in this paper. In an environmentally benign solvent‐free system, aryl carboxylic acids were converted into the corresponding nitriles via one‐pot reactions, by amidation with ethyl carbamate followed by dehydration with thionyl chloride, in excellent yields. The results showed that the method has the advantages of lower cost, higher yield, less pollution and greater ease of work‐up. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

相转移催化合成芳基烷基醚

报道了以四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂，简便地合成了１０个芳基烷基醚，反应几乎是定量地快速进行。     

Stages of surface erosion under ion irradiation

Initial stages of surface erosion have been studied for NaCl and LiF single crystals bombarded by Ar⁺ ions with 20 keV. For irradiation with doses D=10¹⁰-10¹¹ ions/cm², exoelectron emission has been used, whereas for higher doses, we have used electron microscopy. Two stages of initial surface erosion have been identified; for small doses, there is slow development of atomic-scale roughening, which reaches its peak when areas damaged by closest incident ions start to overlap, and then, beginning with D=10¹⁶ ions/cm², there is rapid etching, deep into the crystal, followed by the emergence of secondary microscopic structure, i.e. caverns, concentric closed steps and terraces. Ion-induced surface structure of alkali halide crystals has been shown to depend strongly on the presence of foreign particles on the surface, as well as on segregation. Topography of thin carbon films and some metals have been discussed.     

Electrical conductivity,self-diffusion,and volume expansion of alkali halides at the melting point

In an earlier paper, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle was invoked at the melting point T _m of crystalline solids to provide fundamental justification for Lindemann's melting law and to compute diffusion coefficients of several alkali halides. The uncertainty principle defines breakdown of Debye zone boundary (ZB) phonons as valid collective excitations when phonon energies and line widths due to anharmonicity become comparable at T _m. Upon breakdown, random, high-frequency single-particle motion or partial decoupling of crystal ions sets in. Lifetimes of these single-particle ZB motions are determined from the minimum-uncertainty product inequality by assuming that it becomes an equality at T _m for ZB phonons. The present paper addresses improved formulation of that work and extended application to ionic electrical conductivities of 18 molten alkali halides at T _m. It is shown that use of the Debye model produces an approximate lower bound to the mean free time, not the unconstrained direct estimate previouslu implied. This feature is generally reflected in results for ionic conductivities and alkali halide diffusion coefficients for which comparison experimental data were found. However, in spite of this lower-bound formulation and the simple nature of the computation, the results compare favorably with experiment. A model of random single-particle harmonic motion superimposed on the lower-frequency collective motion is proposed to account for volume expansion accompanying the partial decoupling for hard-sphere ions. Experimental comparisons for 15 alkali halides show the decoupling volume change to account largely for the total volume change of melting (in the hard-sphere approximation), yielding a closer agreement with experiment than recent calculations aimed explicitly at the total volume change.Paper presented at the Tenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 20–23, 1988, Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.A.     

2－芳基苯并噁唑的荧光猝灭和光诱导电子转移研究

本工作对两种不同的２－芳基苯并　唑化合物溶液荧光被四氯化碳所猝灭的机理进行了详细研究，通过多种途径研究表明该猝灭过程具有光诱导电子转移性质，工作还利用此电子转移所形成的活泼自由基来引发烯类单体的聚合，得到了有一定聚合度的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。     

一种合成二烃基硒醚的新方法

在固体氢氧化钠存在下，卤代烃及硼氢化钠与硒粉作用，在乙醇溶液中制得二烃基硒醚。     

特种工程塑料聚芳醚酮

介绍了聚芳醚酮的发展概况、分类及其物化性能;重点对PEEK的性能及应用进行详细阐述;概述了PEEK 的最新研究成果,并指出其今后发展趋势。     

二种双邻位甲基取代的聚芳醚酮类树脂的合成与性能

合成二种双邻位甲基取代的聚芳醚酮类聚合物,聚芳醚酮醚酮酮(DM-PEKEKK)和聚芳醚酮酮醚酮酮(DM-PEKKEKK),用FT-IR、1H NMR、DSC、WAXD、TG等技术对其进行表征,研究表明:较之于未取代的PEKEKK和PEKKEKK玻璃化转变温度和溶解性能大幅度提高,热分解温度有所下降,但均在450℃以上.     

Structure and Properties of Long-Wavelength-Transmitting Halide Glasses

The lower halides of zinc, namely, ZnCl₂, ZnBr₂, and ZnI₂, may act as network formers in glasses that also contain modifying alkali halides such as KCI, KBr, KI, NaI, or CsI. Compositions which contain only Br⁻ or I⁻ anions are of particular interest because of their extended infrared transmission, which includes the ∼10-μm region, in addition to full visible transparency. A series of modified zinc halide glasses were prepared and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, middle and far Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and polarized Raman spectroscopy. T _g values were characteristically low, around 40°C. Bulk glass infrared transmission up to 15 to 20 μm was recorded. The most probable glass structures are discussed and compared to oxide glass models. An attenuation of  0.001 dB/km has been projected as a possible intrinsic minimum for optical fibers operating near ∼6 μm.