Coil‐Type Asymmetric Supercapacitor Electrical Cables

Cable‐shaped supercapacitors (SCs) have recently aroused significant attention due to their attractive properties such as small size, lightweight, and bendability. Current cable‐shaped SCs have symmetric device configuration. However, if an asymmetric design is used in cable‐shaped supercapacitors, they would become more attractive due to broader cell operation voltages, which results in higher energy densities. Here, a novel coil‐type asymmetric supercapacitor electrical cable (CASEC) is reported with enhanced cell operation voltage and extraordinary mechanical‐electrochemical stability. The CASECs show excellent charge–discharge profiles, extraordinary rate capability (95.4%), high energy density (0.85 mWh cm⁻³), remarkable flexibility and bendability, and superior bending cycle stability (≈93.0% after 4000 cycles at different bending states). In addition, the CASECs not only exhibit the capability to store energy but also to transmit electricity simultaneously and independently. The integrated electrical conduction and storage capability of CASECS offer many potential applications in solar energy storage and electronic gadgets.     

丙烯醛制备1,3-丙二醇的中型试验研究

对丙烯醛水合、加氢制1，3-丙二醇工艺进行了中试研究，主要对小试技术的可靠性进行验证。结果表明，丙烯醛经水合、加氢制1，3-丙二醇的工艺技术可行，反应器、精馏塔等设备设计合理。中试丙烯醛水合单程转化率为45％～55％，3-羟基丙醛选择性达到了93％左右，3-羟基丙醛加氢收率接近100％，产品1，3-丙二醇的醛基质量分数降至5μg／g以下。与小试结果相比较，中试的水合选择性明显提高，加氢催化剂活性寿命延长。     

α-蒎烯催化加氢反应的研究

以FYX - 2G型高压搅拌釜为加氢反应器 ,测定了在不同搅拌器型式和搅拌转速下高压釜的持气量和反应效果 ,认识到α 蒎烯催化加氢是外扩散控制的反应 ,当搅拌转速为 6 0 0r/min时 ,基本上能消除外扩散的影响。考察了Raney镍和Pd/C催化剂、反应温度在 35 3～ 499K ,压力在 4 0～ 10MPa的条件下对α 蒎烯加氢转化率和选择性的影响 ,结果表明Raney镍更适宜于α 蒎烯催化加氢 ,其转化率随温度、压力增加而提高 ,但选择性下降。采用温度 35 3～ 433K、压力 4 0～ 7 0MPa的操作序列 ,克服了α 蒎烯加氢转化率与选择性互为逆向的缺点 ,缩短了反应时间 ,制得了顺反比高达 18 2∶1的蒎烷 ,并且发现加氢反应从温度 433K开始有副产物对烷生成 ,当温度超过 45 6K时 ,加氢过程还出现飞温现象。     

Asymmetric Regulation System Fit for Chinese Telecom Market

After the new round of restructuring of Chinese telecom sector,it's pressing to formulate and implement asymmetric regulation policies so as to shape an effectively competitive market structure in a relatively short term.This paper reviewed the asymmetric regulation policies and practices carried out in foreign telecom market,and then according to the specific situations of Chinese telecom market,proposed the principles and corresponding policies for establishing an asymmetric regulation system fit for Chin...     

反应器和钢烟囱整体吊装的难点和对策

介绍了在金陵石化炼油厂200万t/a柴油加氢装置建设中,将质量为237t的反应器和高60m的钢烟囱成功进行整体吊装过程中的关键技术.通过此项工程实践得出以下结论象钢烟囱这样细长重物的整体吊装,由两台吊车抬立起后,再由主吊车独立吊装就位的施工方法简单易行,安全可靠,应用范围广;结构复杂细长杆的吊装强度和挠度计算比较复杂,在计算过程中可以忽略部分次要件的质量,分别以两吊点为支点计算上下吊点所受的力,然后再按比例放余量,使两吊点受力之和等于细长杆的重力,计算挠度时,可以适当地把问题夸大化,从而建立近似的力学模型;高压厚壁重型容器的吊装,宜直接设置专门吊盖与大法兰用螺栓把紧起吊;施工现场地基坚实是保证吊车站位和吊装施工的前提条件.     

Response of inertinites from some Australian coals to non-catalytic hydrogenation in tetralin

Inertinite concentrates from three Australian bituminous coals were hydrogenated at various temperatures ranging from 350 to 475 °C in the presence of tetralin without any added catalyst. Both conversion yields and microscopic observations of the benzene-extracted hydrogenation residues have revealed that the hydrogenation of the inertinite macerals becomes significant only > 400 °C, whereas the dissolution-hydrogenation of the accompanying vitrinite macerals occurs mainly between 350 and 400 °C. The major reaction pathway for the inertinite particles in the hydrogenation process appears to be one of initial mild carbonization followed by hydrogenation. A simplified reaction scheme is proposed which describes the reaction pathway involved in the hydrogenation of inertinite.     

助剂对Pd/树脂醚化催化剂催化性能的影响 Ⅰ.铝助剂的影响

研究了不同助剂对Ｐｄ／树脂醚化催化剂在临氢条件下对催化裂化汽油Ｃ５馏份与甲醇和Ｈ２反应的催化性能的影响。结果表明，在Ｐｄ／树脂醚化催化剂中引入Ｚｒ、Ｔｉ、Ｂ、Ｓｎ和Ａｌ等助剂后，都能改善催化剂的醚化、双键异构和二烯烃选择性加氢活性，其中以Ａｌ、Ｓｎ为最好。Ａｌ助剂的体积质量和负载方式对Ｐｄ－Ａｌ／树脂醚化催化剂的活性有影响。ＢＥＴ方法和Ｘ－射线荧光光谱分析（ＸＦＳＡ）表明，Ａｌ助剂对Ｐｄ－Ａｌ／树脂醚化催化剂的表面积、孔结构和Ｐｄ离子交换量影响较小。     

Formation of C4 species in the deactivation of a Pd/SiO2 catalyst during the selective hydrogenation of acetylene

The deactivation characteristics of Pd/SiO₂ in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene were correlated with changes in the amount of the C4 species produced. The amounts of butenes produced changed in parallel with the catalyst activity, indicating that the rate limiting step for butene production was the same as that for acetylene hydrogenation. On the other hand, the amount of 1,3-butadiene produced changed, showing a maximum with catalyst deactivation because 1,3-butadiene is an intermediate in the sequential reaction process which involves both the production and consumption of 1,3-butadiene. This was verified by a simultaneous TG/reaction experiment showing that 1,3-butadiene was a precursor of green oil. The catalyst showed a self-regenerative behavior in its activity and the amounts of C4 species produced during the early stage of deactivation because two opposite factors, which contributed to either the lowering or the promotion of activity, were involved in the process. A specific type of polymer species, produced during the initial period of deactivation, is proposed to be responsible for the promotion of catalyst activity.     

乙炔在磁稳定床中的选择性加氢研究

 制备了一种磁性Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂，采用磁稳定床考察了活性组分负载量、反应条件及CO浓度对乙炔加氢反应性能的影响。结果表明，当反应温度80℃、反应压力1.5MPa、空速9000h－1、磁场强度（H）25kA/m时，乙炔转化率为100％，乙烯选择性可达81％，具有优良的乙炔加氢活性和乙烯选择性，优于相同反应条件下的进口催化剂；250h稳定性实验结果表明，磁性Pd/Al2O3催化剂具有良好的初活性和乙烯选择性，催化剂性能稳定。     

Thermodynamic Aspects of Aromatic Hydrogenation

Aromatic hydrogenation is one of the important classes of hydrotreating reactions and its thermodynamics play a significant role in achieving the product specifications. This article comprehensively reviews the available experimental thermodynamic data as well as the methods to estimate the data for aromatic hydrogenation. The data indicate that aromatic hydrogenation reactions are thermodynamically more favorable at about 200°C-250°C and moderate pressures (3-5 MPa). Industrially, however, these reactions are carried out at 300°C-375°C to have reasonable kinetics. Hence there is a need for highly active catalysts, which can facilitate significant kinetics of hydrotreating reactions at around 200°C-250°C.