Bamboo biochar-catalytic degradation of lignin under microwave heating

Abstract

Lignin biochar-catalytic depolymerization using biochar Fe-600, Fe-800, Ni-600, Ni-800 catalysts under microwave-heating (180?°C for 30?min) was explored in an ethanol/formic acid (1:1) media. Non-catalyst depolymerization was also studied and compared with the biochar-catalysts results. Characteristics of the bio-char catalysts were analyze by BET, XRD, and FT-IR. GPC, FT-IR, and MALDI-TOF MS spectrometry were also used to characterize the depolymerization products. The experimental results showed that the S_BET, V_t, and V_mec and average pore diameter of the biochars are considerably dependent on the preparation temperature and type of cation (Ni²⁺ or Fe³⁺). The maximum yield of bio-oil product was obtained as 85?wt% with the addition of biochar Ni-600 and the total amount of oligomers or monomers with a molecular weight of 164 to 446 reaches 80.4%.     

动态高压微射流处理对方竹笋膳食纤维理化及结构特性的影响

以方竹笋中提取的膳食纤维为研究对象，采用动态高压微射流（dynamic high-pressure micro-fluidization, DHPM）在不同压力条件（0，50，100，150，200 MPa）下进行处理，探究其对竹笋膳食纤维（bamboo shoots dietary fiber, BSDF）理化和结构特性的影响。结果表明，随着处理压力的增大，BSDF粒径先增大后减小，当处理压力为150 MPa时，粒径最小，为（370±11） nm，此条件下BSDF的持水力、持油力和膨胀力达到最大，较对照组分别提高了47.74%，50.54%，61.27%，且差异显著（P<0.05）。红外光谱分析表明DHPM处理不会改变BSDF的官能团，但会使BSDF内部的部分氢键断裂和半纤维素、木质素等发生降解；X射线衍射和热重分析表明DHPM处理不会引起BSDF的晶体结构改变，但晶体有序度会下降，进而导致其热稳定性降低；微观结构分析显示DHPM处理会使BSDF颗粒尺寸减小、表面粗糙、组织松散，且当处理压力为200 MPa时，颗粒发生团聚。综上，DHPM可以有效改善BSDF的理化性质，在膳食纤维改性方面具有一定的应用价值。     

Moderate antioxidative efficiencies of flavonoids during peroxidation of methyl linoleate in homogeneous and micellar solutions

The relative reactivities as well as the stoichiometric coefficients for a number of flavonoids, catechols, and—for comparison—standard phenolic antioxidants were determined by analyzing the kinetics of oxygen consumption in organic and micellar systems, with peroxidation initiated by lipid- and water-soluble azo initiators. The results demonstrated that the flavonoids did not behave as classic phenolic antioxidants such as α-tocopherol, but showed only moderate chain-breaking activities. The results were in line with other structure-activity relationship studies on the importance of the B-ring catechol structure, the 2,3-double bond, and the 3,5-hydroxy groups. The data are discussed in view of possible explanations of the deviations flavonoids reveal in their behavior compared with regular phenolic antioxidants.     

Biflavonoid-Induced Disruption of Hydrogen Bonds Leads to Amyloid-β Disaggregation

Deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils in the brain is a key pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. A class of polyphenolic biflavonoids is known to have anti-amyloidogenic effects by inhibiting aggregation of Aβ and promoting disaggregation of Aβ fibrils. In the present study, we further sought to investigate the structural basis of the Aβ disaggregating activity of biflavonoids and their interactions at the atomic level. A thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay revealed that amentoflavone-type biflavonoids promote disaggregation of Aβ fibrils with varying potency due to specific structural differences. The computational analysis herein provides the first atomistic details for the mechanism of Aβ disaggregation by biflavonoids. Molecular docking analysis showed that biflavonoids preferentially bind to the aromatic-rich, partially ordered N-termini of Aβ fibril via the π–π interactions. Moreover, docking scores correlate well with the ThT EC₅₀ values. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that biflavonoids decrease the content of β-sheet in Aβ fibril in a structure-dependent manner. Hydrogen bond analysis further supported that the substitution of hydroxyl groups capable of hydrogen bond formation at two positions on the biflavonoid scaffold leads to significantly disaggregation of Aβ fibrils. Taken together, our data indicate that biflavonoids promote disaggregation of Aβ fibrils due to their ability to disrupt the fibril structure, suggesting biflavonoids as a lead class of compounds to develop a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease.     

竹/玻璃钢复合建筑材料的研制及性能分析

竹/玻璃钢复合建筑材料是一种新型三维复合材料.本文对其进行了结构设计的研究,并通过大量试验对其力学性能进行了分析,结果证明竹/玻璃钢复合建筑材料确实是一种重量轻、性能好、工艺简单、价格便宜的材料,具有广阔的应用前景.     

蝗虫中黄酮的含量及提取工艺研究

蝗虫含有丰富的黄酮，不同品种之间和同一品种不同地域之间有很大差异。稻蝗的黄酮含量最高，为2014.9mg／100g,内蒙黄胫小车蝗的含量最低。为293．2mg／100g。采用有机溶剂提取法对内蒙黄胫小车蝗所含黄酮提取工艺进行了研究，结果表明，甲醇具有很好的提取效果，其最佳提取工艺条件为：提取时间24h。料液比1：30，黄酮的提取量为293．2mg／100g。     

银杏叶中有效成分的提取及其应用

研究了银杏叶中黄酮类抗氧化成分的提取工艺，并对黄酮类物质清除自由基和抗氧化性能进行了探讨。结果表明：用质量分数70％乙醇回流提取银杏叶，65℃时黄酮的质量浓度高达0．0625μg/mL。黄酮类物质有很强的清除自由基能力和抗氧化能力，随着黄酮浓度的增加，溶液的吸光度逐渐减小，即对．OH的清除率逐渐增大，抗氧化能力逐渐增大。且对人体无毒害作用，可考虑代替合成的抗氧化剂。     

竹纤维素的结构表征

对纺织用竹纤维、黏胶用竹浆粕、造纸用竹浆粕、高级竹浆粕进行物化性能分析,并对其结构进行表征。显微镜观察显示,竹纤维纵向表面有竹节,相比纺织用竹纤维光滑的表面,竹浆粕呈现明显的微纤结构;由X-衍射(WAXD)分析结果可知,纺织用竹纤维结晶属于典型的纤维素Ⅰ,内部具有完善的微纤结构,结晶度和晶粒尺寸均明显高于三种竹浆粕,主要原因是分子间具有更强的氢键作用。     

竹材丙酮法木质素高效分离技术研究

在一定的温度、压力条件下,利用丙酮提取竹材中的木质素,丙酮通过蒸馏回收后,可以反复利用;而通过蒸馏,得到的高纯度的木质素是重要的化工原料,整个过程形成一个封闭循环系统,基本上无三废排放;研究结果表明:当丙酮浓度为80%,液固比为10∶1,在最高反应温度160℃下保温3h,降解木质素的效果最佳;为解决制浆造纸行业废水对环境的污染问题提出了一条新的途径。