由甘蔗渣制备用于聚氨酯生产的多元醇的研究

在硫酸的催化作用下,甘蔗渣在聚乙二醇和甘油的混合溶剂中能被液化成生物质多元醇。向液化试剂中加入表面活性剂,利用表面活性剂提高液化试剂对甘蔗渣的渗透能力,改善甘蔗渣的液化效果。主要研究了表面活性剂种类和浓度、液化时间、液固比,液化试剂组成、催化剂浓度等对液化效果的影响。结果表明,吐温-80对甘蔗渣液化的效果最明显,并且在用量为0．25％时,液化效果最好,转化率达99％以上。液化得到的生物质多元醇的羟值为500—700mgKOH／g。红外光谱分析表明,液化产物中含有大量的可反应羟基,可以作为制备聚氨酯硬泡的多元醇组分。     

Liquefaction of Red Pine Wood,Pinus densiflora,Biomass Using Peg-400-Blended Crude Glycerol for Biopolyol and Biopolyurethane Production

Red pine wood, Pinus densiflora, biomass was liquefied through liquefaction using a solvent mixture of crude glycerol and PEG-400 with a sulfuric acid catalyst. The liquefaction process parameters of crude glycerol/PEG-400 blending ratio, biomass loading, acid loading, reaction temperature, and reaction time were optimized. Biopolyol with 61.9% biomass conversion was produced at 170°C within 1 h using a co-solvent of crude glycerol and PEG-400 (5/5, w/w), 15% biomass loading, and 3% sulfuric acid loading. The biopolyol possessed a 4.2 mg KOH/g acid number and 892.4 mg KOH/g hydroxyl number. Polyurethane foam was successfully synthesized from the liquefied red pine wood biomass with toluene diisocyanate. The synthesis of biopolyurethane derived from red pine wood biopolyol was confirmed with FT-IR.     

Preparation of Biopolyol from Empty Fruit Bunch Saccharification Residue Using Glycerol and PEG#300-Mediated Liquefaction for Application to Bio-Polyester and Bio-Polyurethane Production

Utilization of empty fruit bunch (EFB), a by-product of the palm oil production, needs to be developed because of the expanding palm oil production scale. EFB saccharification residue was obtained as a by-product of the enzymatic preparation of sugar from EFB. The liquefaction of EFB saccharification residue was performed using a mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG) #300 and glycerol as a solvent and sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The liquefaction conditions such as liquefaction solvent ratio, liquefaction temperature, catalyst loading, and liquefaction time were optimized, and up to 90% of biomass conversion of the EFB saccharification residue was obtained. The biopolyol with approximately 890 mg KOH/g hydroxyl number was used for the synthesis of bio-polyurethane and bio-polyester, and the polymerized products were confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy analysis. Basic thermal characteristics such as glass transition temperature and thermal decomposition temperature were determined to be 93.6 and 200°C using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively.