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土壤中石油污染物微生物降解及其降解去向 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
通过多因素对比预实验,将筛选出的7个石油烃降解的主要影响因素以正交表方法组合起来,对其进行了实验研究。探讨了石油迁移转化对于各种土壤物理化学条件及其他环境因素改变的敏感程度,并找出了各主要影响因素的重要性和最佳水平;测定了土壤中所存在的石油污染物在生物降解作用下的后期产物,研究了不同条件下的样品残留污染物组分之间的差异。影响土壤中石油烃类降解的主要因素有土壤石油污染强度、营养物(NH4NO3、K2HPO4)、氧化剂(3%H2O2溶液)、表面活性剂(TW80)、温度、土壤含水率和土壤透气性;在降解的不同阶段,各个因素的重要性以及最佳水平会发生相应的变化;在生物降解后期,土壤中残留的石油污染物主要是正构和异构烷烃;正构烷烃的色谱图由原来的对称钟形变为左陡右缓的偏钟形;异构烷烃所占比重增大,正十五烷和正二十一烷之间的谱图基线被明显抬高。 相似文献
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Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: current knowledge and future directions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Selina M Bamforth Ian Singleton 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2005,80(7):723-736
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of organic compounds that have accumulated in the natural environment mainly as a result of anthropogenic activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels. Interest has surrounded the occurrence and distribution of PAHs for many decades due to their potentially harmful effects to human health. This concern has prompted researchers to address ways to detoxify/remove these organic compounds from the natural environment. Bioremediation is one approach that has been used to remediate contaminated land and waters, and promotes the natural attenuation of the contaminants using the in situ microbial community of the site. This review discusses the variety of fungi and bacteria that are capable of these transformations, describes the major aerobic and anaerobic breakdown pathways, and highlights some of the bioremediation technologies that are currently available. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), one of phthalate acid esters (PAEs), was investigated to determine its biodegradation rate using Xiangjiang
River sediment and find potential DBP degraders in the enrichment culture of the sediment. The sediment sample was incubated
with an initial concentration of DBP of 100 mg/L for 5 d. The biodegradation rate of DBP was detected using HPLC and the degraded
products were analyzed by GC/MS. Subsequently, the microbial diversity of the enrichment culture was analyzed by polymerase
chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results reveal that almost 100% of DBP is degraded
after merely 3 d, generating two main degraded products: mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) and 9-octadecenoic acid. After a six-month
enrichment period under the pressure of DBP, the dominant family in the final enrichment culture is clustered with the Comamonas sp., the remaining are affiliated with Sphingomonas sp., Hydrogenophaga sp., Rhizobium sp., and Acidovorax sp. The results show the potential of these bacteria to be used in the bioremediation of DBP in the environment. 相似文献
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Bioremediation strategies have been applied to clean up petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) impacted sites. Introducing PHC degrading microorganisms (bioaugmentation) and enhancing the in‐situ nutrients availability (biostimulation) are widely used strategies. These strategies can be combined to lead to a better bioremediation performance. In this work, Pseudomonas fluorescens was isolated from a PHC impacted site. Through a 23 factorial design plan, the effect of various combinations of nitrate, sulphate, and phosphate ions on the PHC bioremediation performance by P. fluorescens was investigated using catechol, an essential metabolic intermediate of BTEX degradation, as the sole carbon source. The maximum specific catechol degradation rate was chosen as the response to evaluate the catechol bioremediation performance. The ANOVA results indicated that the presence of nitrate ions alone lowered the maximum specific catechol degradation rate, which can be explained by the accumulation of nitrites and ammonia during the denitrification process by P. fluorescens. It was noted that dosing sulphate ions alone did not affect the bioremediation performance, which indicates P. fluorescens can grow in a sulphur‐limited environment. In contrast, the presence of sulphate and nitrate ions together can lead to a higher specific catechol degradation rate. This may be caused by the presence of sulphate that can suppress the production of nitrites. The importance of phosphate ions on catechol biodegradation was investigated. The absence of phosphate led to incomplete biodegradation. Introducing phosphate ions can accelerate catechol degradation, which can be explained by the secretion of organic acids. 相似文献
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对清溪河污染的治理,可以采用一系列理化的方法,但相比之下,利用生物治理不仅操作简便,成本低廉,而且能很好的修复水生生态系统的结构,达到良性循环的效果。驳岸的植物是一道屏障,能有效阻止和减少地表污染物进入水体,水中微生物将有机态的污染物转化为无机养份被植物吸收,植物为水中的微生物提供附着表面,而草食性鱼类能抑制植物的过渡生长,最终实现生态系统的重建与修复,使河道进入可持续发展的良性循环体系。 相似文献
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以徐州市黄河故道应用基因工程菌修复富营养化水体为研究对象,对水体中富营养化指标进行了测定,并对水体中生物生长变化情况进行了观察,试验和分析了基因工程菌中的消氮细菌及沉淀细菌对水体进行生物修复的作用及其效果,指出了存在的问题,为利用生物修复技术处理天然湖泊的富营养化提供了参考数据. 相似文献
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