Effect of Glucocorticosteroids in Diamond-Blackfan Anaemia: Maybe Not as Elusive as It Seems

Diamond-Blackfan anaemia (DBA) is a red blood cell aplasia that in the majority of cases is associated with ribosomal protein (RP) aberrations. However, the mechanism by which this disorder leads to such a specific phenotype remains unclear. Even more elusive is the reason why non-specific agents such as glucocorticosteroids (GCs), also known as glucocorticoids, are an effective therapy for DBA. In this review, we (1) explore why GCs are successful in DBA treatment, (2) discuss the effect of GCs on erythropoiesis, and (3) summarise the GC impact on crucial pathways deregulated in DBA. Furthermore, we show that GCs do not regulate DBA erythropoiesis via a single mechanism but more likely via several interdependent pathways.     

反义c-myc基因质粒对鼠脑胶质瘤细胞C6生长的影响

目的探讨反义ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因质粒对鼠脑胶质瘤细胞Ｃ６增殖及凋亡的作用。方法将可在真核细 胞表达大鼠反义 ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因的质粒 ｐＣＥＰ４ＡＳＣＭＲ以脂质体 ＦｕＧＥＮＥ６为介导,转染到大鼠脑恶性胶质瘤细胞 Ｃ６株 中,经ＭＴＴ检测,软琼脂集落生长,吖啶橙染色,琼脂糖电泳等方法分析实验结果。结果反义ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因质粒 ＤＮＡ具有抑制瘤细胞增殖的作用,并能引起瘤细胞凋亡;脂质体ＦｕＧＥＮＥ６有助于提高质粒ＤＮＡ的转染效率。结论 反义ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因质粒可抑制ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因的过度表达,促使肿瘤细胞凋亡,达到治疗脑神经胶质细胞瘤的目的。     

胃癌组织中c－myc基因表达

以３２Ｐ－ｃ－ｍｙｃ－ｃＤＮＡ和３２Ｐ－ｃ－ｍｙｃ－ＤＮＡ为探针，采用核酸杂交方法研究２４例胃癌、６例胃溃疡正常胃组织ｃ—ｍｙｃ的表达。ＲＮＡ—ＤＮＡｄｏｔ证实，７例胃髓样癌、３例粘液癌和１４例腺癌分别有３、１和１例ｃ－ｍｙｃ高表达。Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ表明．胃癌组织ｃ－ｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ分子量同对照组无差异；Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ未发现ｃ—ｍｙｃ扩增与重排。指明胃癌组织ｃ－ｍｙｃ高表达与ｃ－ｍｙｃ结构改变无关。     

靶向siRNA下调人结直肠癌 Colo320 细胞端粒长度与端粒酶逆转录酶基因表达的研究

目的: 探讨发夹状 shRNA 封阻原癌基因(c-myc) , 抑制癌细胞增殖 、生长的作用。方法: 针对c-myc 的构建发夹状 shRNA 的真核表达质粒, 并转染人结直肠癌 Colo320细胞。荧光定量 RT-PCR检测 c-myc 及细胞端粒酶逆转录酶的 mRNA 的表达,Western-blot 检测 c-myc、端粒酶逆转录酶(hu-man telomerase reverse transeriptase, hTERT) 蛋白表达水平 。Southern blot 检测端粒的长度, PCR-ELISE法检测端粒酶活性。³H-thymidine 实验分析DNA 合成和细胞增殖 。结果: 转染细胞增殖、生长皆受到抑制。同时c-myc 和 hTERT 的 mRNA 和蛋白表达显著下降, 端粒的长度明显缩短, 端粒酶活性降低 。结论: c-myc 的 shRNA 对人结直肠癌Colo320 细胞的生长增殖、端粒长度、端粒酶活性有特异性抑制作用, 并呈剂量依赖关系 。     

霍山石斛多糖对人胃癌细胞生长的抑制作用

研究霍山石斛多糖对人胃癌细胞SGC-7901生长的抑制作用,探讨多糖抗肿瘤作用与肿瘤相关基因表达之间的相关性。胃癌细胞SGC-7901生长的MTT检测表明,霍山石斛总多糖(DHP)、阴离子交换色谱水洗组分(DHP-1)及0.05 mol/L盐洗组分(DHP-2)能显著抑制胃癌细胞SGC-7901的生长,并呈时间和剂量依赖性,其中以DHP-2效果最好。光学及激光共聚焦显微镜观察发现,DHP-2处理过的胃癌细胞形态固缩,凋亡显著。荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测表明,DHP-2不仅能明显下调原癌基因c-myc的表达,其表达仅为对照的42.34%,而且能显著提高抑癌基因野生型p53的表达,其表达比对照高1.04倍。结果表明:霍山石斛多糖对人胃癌细胞生长的抑制作用与其组分、浓度及作用时间相关,其可能的作用机制是多糖通过下调c-myc基因和上调p53基因的表达来发挥抑制效果。     

Spectroscopic and In Silico Studies on the Interaction of Substituted Pyrazolo[1,2-a]benzo[1,2,3,4]tetrazine-3-one Derivatives with c-Myc G4-DNA

Herein we describe a combined experimental and in silico study of the interaction of a series of pyrazolo[1,2-a]benzo[1,2,3,4]tetrazin-3-one derivatives (PBTs) with parallel G-quadruplex (GQ) DNA aimed at correlating their previously reported anticancer activities and the stabilizing effects observed by us on c-myc oncogene promoter GQ structure. Circular dichroism (CD) melting experiments were performed to characterize the effect of the studied PBTs on the GQ thermal stability. CD measurements indicate that two out of the eight compounds under investigation induced a slight stabilizing effect (2–4 °C) on GQ depending on the nature and position of the substituents. Molecular docking results allowed us to verify the modes of interaction of the ligands with the GQ and estimate the binding affinities. The highest binding affinity was observed for ligands with the experimental melting temperatures (T_ms). However, both stabilizing and destabilizing ligands showed similar scores, whilst Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, performed across a wide range of temperatures on the GQ in water solution, either unliganded or complexed with two model PBT ligands with the opposite effect on the T_ms, consistently confirmed their stabilizing or destabilizing ability ascertained by CD. Clues about a relation between the reported anticancer activity of some PBTs and their ability to stabilize the GQ structure of c-myc emerged from our study. Furthermore, Molecular Dynamics simulations at high temperatures are herein proposed for the first time as a means to verify the stabilizing or destabilizing effect of ligands on the GQ, also disclosing predictive potential in GQ-targeting drug discovery.     

微波辅助四（p-甲氧苯基）卟啉铜（Ⅱ）的合成及其与c-myc G4 DNA的相互作用

以吡咯、p-甲氧基苯甲醛为原料,丙酸为溶剂,130℃ 条件下制得四（p-甲氧苯基）卟啉（TMOPP）;然后在100℃ 微波辐射条件下,以TMOPP和乙酸铜为原料,DMF为溶剂,制得目标化合物四（p-甲氧苯基）卟啉铜（Ⅱ）配合物 （CuTMOPP）。采用电喷雾质谱、紫外光谱和红外光谱等分析方法对所合成的目标化合物进行了表征,目标化合物的理论值和实验值基本一致。进一步采用紫外光谱、CD光谱、FRET熔点实验、PCR-Stop实验考察了目标化合物与c-myc G4 DNA的相互作用,结果表明目标化合物可能与c-myc G4 DNA以静电方式结合,从而抑制其复制,进一步对其生物功能的影响还在研究中。     

Development of a Smart Fluorescent Probe Specifically Interacting with C-Myc I-Motif

I-motifs play key regulatory roles in biological processes, holding great potential as attractive therapeutic targets. In the present study, we developed a novel fluorescent probe G59 with strong and selective binding to the c-myc gene promoter i-motif. G59 had an i-motif-binding carbazole moiety conjugated with naphthalimide fluorescent groups. G59 could differentiate the c-myc i-motif from other DNA structures through selective activation of its fluorescence, with its apparent visualization in solution. The smart probe G59 showed excellent sensitivity, with a low fluorescent detection limit of 154 nM and effective stabilization to the c-myc i-motif. G59 could serve as a rapid and sensitive probe for label-free screening of selective c-myc i-motif binding ligands under neutral crowding conditions. To the best of our knowledge, G59 is the first fluorescent probe with high sensitivity for recognizing the i-motif structure and screening for selective binding ligands.     

Exploring the Interaction of Curaxin CBL0137 with G-Quadruplex DNA Oligomers

Curaxins and especially the second-generation derivative curaxin CBL0137 have important antitumor activities in multiple cancers such as glioblastoma, melanoma and others. Although most of the authors suggest that their mechanism of action comes from the activation of p53 and inactivation of NF-kB by targeting FACT, there is evidence supporting the involvement of DNA binding in their antitumor activity. In this work, the DNA binding properties of curaxin CBL0137 with model quadruplex DNA oligomers were studied by ¹H NMR, CD, fluorescence and molecular modeling. We provided molecular details of the interaction of curaxin with two G-quadruplex structures, the single repeat of human telomere d(TTAGGGT)₄ and the c-myc promoter Pu22 sequence. We also performed ¹H and ³¹P NMR experiments were also performed in order to investigate the interaction with duplex DNA models. Our data support the hypothesis that the interaction of curaxin with G-quadruplex may provide a novel insight into the DNA-binding properties of CBL0137, and it will be helpful for the design of novel selective DNA-targeting curaxin analogues.     

Quercetin通过TGF-β1/smad3/c-myc信号通路对LOVO细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的研究Quercetin对结肠癌LOVO细胞株TGF-β1/smad3/c-myc信号通路的影响,并探讨其抑制LOVO细胞增殖的可能机制。方法采用5、10、20、40、80、160μmol/L的Quercetin处理结肠癌LOVO细胞48 h,以未经Quercetin处理的LOVO细胞作为对照组,采用MTT法检测Quercetin对细胞增殖活力的影响。以5 ng/ml的TGF-β1刺激1周的LOVO细胞为细胞模型,设对照组(C组)、TGF-β1组(T组)、TGF-β1+Quercetin组(TQ组)、Quercetin组(Q组)。C组为正常的LOVO细胞;T组为用5 ng/ml的TGF-β1刺激1周的LOVO细胞;TQ组为以5 ng/ml的TGF-β1刺激1周后,再经20μmol/L Quercetin处理72 h的LOVO细胞;Q组为经20μmol/L Quercetin处理72 h的LOVO细胞。分别采用平板克隆试验、免疫组化SP法、RT-PCR法、Western blot法分析Quercetin和TGF-β1对LOVO细胞克隆形成能力、smad3及c-myc表达的影响。结果与对照组相比,不同浓度Quercetin组可明显抑制LOVO细胞的增殖,且呈剂量依赖性,IC50值约为40μmol/L。TGF-β1能明显促进LOVO细胞的增殖及smad3、c-myc的表达(P<0.05);Quercetin能明显抑制LOVO细胞的增殖及smad3、c-myc的表达(P<0.05);与Q组相比,TQ组细胞增殖能力及c-myc的表达明显降低(P<0.05)。结论 Quercetin通过抑制TGF-β1/smad3信号通路下调靶基因c-myc的表达,并具有抑制LOVO细胞增殖的作用。