Structural Description of Polyaromatic Nucleus in Residue

The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H-NMR）, the synchronous fluorescence spectrometry （SFS） and the ruthenium ions catalyzed oxidation （RICO） method were used to determine the chemical structure of polyaromatic nucleus in Oman residue fractions. The results of 1H-NMR analyses showed that the average numbers of aromatic rings in the aromatics, resins and asphaltenes units were 3.2, 5.6 and 8.2, respectively. SFS was used to investigate the distribution of aromatic rings in residue fractions, the main distribution range of aromatic rings in aromatics, resins and asphaltenes were 3 4 rings, 3--5 rings and more than 5 rings, respectively. The aromatic network in residue fractions was oxidized to produce numerous carboxylic acids. The types and content of benzenepolycarboxylic acids, such as phthalic acid, benzenetricarboxylic acids, benzenetetracarboxylic acids, benzenepentacarboxylic acid and benzenehexacarboxylic acid disclosed the condensed types of aromatic nuclei in the core. The biphenyl fraction （BIPH）, the cata-condensed fraction （CATA）, the peri-condensed fraction （PERI） and the condensed index （BCI） were calculated based on the benzenepolycarboxylic acids formed. The results implied that there was less biphenyl type structures in all residue fractions. The aromatics fraction was almost composed of the cata-condensed type system, and the asphaltenes fraction was wholly composed of the peri-condensed type system, while in the resins fraction co-existed the two types, herein the peri-con- densed type was predominant over the cata-condensed type. Based on the analytical results obtained in the study, the components --aromatics, resins and asphaltenes -- were given the likely structural models.     

Telechelic polydimethylsiloxanes with terminal acetylenic groups prepared by phase-transfer catalysis

Telechelic, hydroxyalkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxanes were obtained under mild conditions via hydrosilylation of allyl alcohol or ethylene glycol monoallyl ether by oligomeric αω-hydride terminated polydimethylsiloxanes, with the use of a platinum catalyst. They were subsequently modified in a phase transfer catalyzed reaction by propargyl bromide, to give telechelic polysiloxanes terminated by acetylenic groups. The synthetic pathway is described and the characterization of the obtained products is presented.     

微波辐射磷钨酸催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

在微波辐射下,以磷钨酸为催化剂,对以环己酮和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮进行了研究.较系统的研究了反应物投料比、微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、催化剂用量、带水剂用量诸因素对产品收率的影响.最佳反应条件为:环己酮为0.2mol,n(环己酮):n(1,2-丙二醇)=1.0:1.5,微波辐射功率600W,辐射时间16min,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的0.5%,带水剂(环己烷)15mL.在此条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的产率可达82.0%.     

Ultrasonic oscillations effect on rheological and processing properties of metallocene‐catalyzed linear low density polyethylene

The effects of ultrasonic oscillations and die materials on die pressure, productivity of extrusion, melt viscosity of metallocene‐catalyzed linear low density polyethylene (mLLDPE), as well as their mechanism were studied in a special ultrasonic oscillations extrusion system developed in our lab. Die materials used in our experiment included steel, brass, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)_. The experimental results showed that ultrasonic oscillations as well as die materials have great influence on the rheological and processing behavior of mLLDPE. Ultrasonic oscillations can greatly increase the productivity of mLLDPE melt extruded through different dies, and can decrease the die pressure and the melt viscosity of mLLDPE. Compared with steel or brass die, mLLDPE melt extruded through PTFE die is more sensitive to ultrasonic oscillations. A possible mechanism for the improved processability of mLLDPE is proposed in this article. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1873–1878, 2003     

旋流板塔煤浆法烟气脱硫研究

煤浆法烟气脱硫是以煤浆洗涤含二氧化硫的烟气,二氧化硫溶于浆液形成亚硫酸,煤中黄铁矿与亚硫酸、氧气发生反应,亚硫酸被氧化为硫酸,从而实现烟气脱硫.反应过程中,煤中的黄铁矿硫也被转化为硫酸而浸出,反应产生的Fe3＋/Fe2＋又对脱硫反应起到了催化剂的作用.以旋流板塔为吸收设备,研究了煤浆法烟气脱硫过程中浆液温度、液气比、空塔气速及浆液固液比等操作参数对脱硫率的影响规律.试验表明,在其他条件不变的情况下,适当提高液气比、空塔气速及浆液固液比均有利于提高脱硫效果.随着烟气脱硫过程的进行,脱硫浆液中的总铁含量不断增加,说明煤中黄铁矿被不断浸出,故此法在脱除烟气中的二氧化硫的同时也降低了煤中黄铁矿硫含量.     

Fe3O4-H2O2类Fenton体系催化降解苯酚

为提出基于新型磁纳米Fe3 O4催化剂的类Fenton体系,采用化学共沉淀法制备磁纳米Fe3 O4,用四甲基氢氧化铵（ TMAH）对所制备的磁纳米Fe3 O4进行表面改性,就Fe3 O4－H2 O2类Fenton体系对苯酚废水的处理效果进行探讨,考察催化剂投量、H2 O2浓度、pH、反应时间等因素对COD和挥发酚去除率的影响．结果表明：磁纳米颗粒平均粒径为30 nm,并在20～100 nm内呈现良好的粒度分布．不同剂量TMAH包覆的3种催化剂经超声预处理后,在室温（13℃）下对50 mg／L苯酚（相当于112 mg／L COD）的降解效果基本一致．当催化剂投量为0．8 mmol／L、H2 O2浓度为2．0 mmol／L、pH为4．5、反应时间180 min时,COD去除率最高可达72％;催化剂投量为0．4 mmol／L、H2 O2浓度为2．0 mmol／L、 pH为4．5、反应时间为90 min时,挥发酚的去除率接近100％．而在重复使用方面,3＃Fe3O4－TMAH（2 mL）催化剂的回用性最好,4次反应COD的去除率分别为73％、29％、28％、26％,挥发酚去除率分别为100％、84％、67％、54％．该类Fenton体系具有不产生多余泥量的优点,且磁纳米催化剂在外磁场作用下可实现快速分离回收．     

联吡啶钌配合物对末端炔烃的催化

以6,6＇-二甲基-2,2＇-联吡啶为配体合成了二水合氯化顺一二氯·二（6,6＇-二甲基-2,2＇联吡啶）合钌（Ⅲ）配合物,进一步用三氟甲基磺酸银脱氯得到三（三氟甲基）磺酸顺一二水·二（6,6＇-二甲基-2,2＇联吡啶）合钌（Ⅲ）配合物．研究了后者对1-己炔、苯乙炔和丙炔酸乙酯环三聚反应的催化作用．实验结果显示环三聚产物具有区域选择性：产物只有1,2,4一三取代苯与1,3,5-三取代苯两种同分异构体,且主要为1,2,4一三取代苯．催化机理研究表明,三（三氟甲基）磺酸顺一二水·二（6,6＇-二甲基-2,2＇联吡啶）合钌（Ⅲ）中的两个水分子配体首先被两分子炔烃取代生成π-炔基配合物,然后通过氧化偶联反应得到钌杂环戊二烯配合物;第三个炔烃分子经由插入反应或双烯加成反应生成钌杂环庚三烯或7一钌杂双环[2．2．1]-2,5-庚二烯中间体,随后发生还原消除反应得到三取代苯．     

微波诱导催化还原脱硫脱硝实验研究

针对我国电厂烟气治理的现状,进行了微波诱导催化还原脱硫、脱硝实验研究。该方法具有同时脱除烟气中污染物二氧化硫、氮氧化物的能力。利用微波装置和活性炭研究了模拟烟气同时脱硫脱硝,利用此技术可以将96%的一氧化氮和二氧化硫一步分解为环境友好的氮气和可以回收的有价值的单质硫。利用正交实验设计,对一些主要反应参数对脱硫脱硝的影响进行了分析。     

炭载Cu(Ⅲ)固定床吸附催化氧化处理含酚污水

活性炭对含酚污水中影响COD值的微量有机污染物具有吸附作用,将其活化处理后,用Cu(NO3)2溶液浸渍,并在烘箱中将铜还原热固在其微表面上,采用固定床式装置,利用活性炭的吸附和铜的催化作用,降低有机污染物分解的活化能并实现酚类的深度降解及达标排放.结合F en ton反应机理,实验探讨了Cu2 非均相催化氧化机理.该方法集吸附、催化氧化和过滤于一体,为湿法催化处理污水的工程化提供了可能.