从水煮牛肉析四川麻辣火锅的起源地

本文将四川名菜水煮牛肉与麻辣火锅从味型、技术、原料等角度进行了对比分析,认为“麻辣火锅的起源地在自贡”一说更具说服力。     

纯种乳酸菌接种发酵辣椒综合品质特性研究

为了获得高产γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）且综合性能优良的乳酸菌,以10株乳酸菌作为出发菌株对发酵辣椒进行纯种接种发酵,采用逼近理想解排序（TOPSIS）法分别从发酵产酸、抑菌性、亚硝酸盐积累以及生成γ-氨基丁酸能力等方面进行多因素综合评价。结果表明,发酵乳杆菌与食果糖乳杆菌的产酸速度较好,最终产酸量分别为0.020 8 g/100 g、0.020 3 g/100 g;乳链球菌和戊糖乳杆菌对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用最明显,其抑菌圈直径d=11 mm;乳酸片球菌产亚硝酸盐能力最弱,最终含量为1.7 mg/kg;食果糖乳杆菌与乳酸片球菌产GABA能力强,分别为1.97 mmol/L、1.86 mmol/L。采用TOPSIS法对10株菌种进行多因素综合评价,最终得到发酵乳杆菌与食果糖乳杆菌为综合品质特性较好的发酵优良菌株。     

红油味型标准化制作工艺研究

采集专业烹调人员调制传统红油味型各调味料的使用量,经过定量分析,并设计正交试验,得到各关键调味料对红油味型的影响顺序,并得到最佳配方比例,成品为袋装复合调味料,可应用于餐饮企业或普通消费者对原料的调味.     

Identification of Novel Pepper Genes Involved in Bax- or INF1-Mediated Cell Death Responses by High-Throughput Virus-Induced Gene Silencing

Hot pepper is one of the economically important crops in Asia. A large number of gene sequences, including expressed sequence tag (EST) and genomic sequences are publicly available. However, it is still a daunting task to determine gene function due to difficulties in genetic modification of a pepper plants. Here, we show the application of the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) repression for the study of 459 pepper ESTs selected as non-host pathogen-induced cell death responsive genes from pepper microarray experiments in Nicotiana benthamiana. Developmental abnormalities in N. benthamiana plants are observed in the 32 (7%) pepper ESTs-silenced plants. Aberrant morphological phenotypes largely comprised of three groups: stunted, abnormal leaf, and dead. In addition, by employing the combination of VIGS and Agrobacterium-mediated transient assays, we identified novel pepper ESTs that involved in Bax or INF1-mediated cell death responses. Silencing of seven pepper ESTs homologs suppressed Bax or INF1-induced cell death, five of which suppressed both cell death responses in N. benthamiana. The genes represented by these five ESTs encode putative proteins with functions in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and lipid signaling. The genes represented by the other two pepper ESTs showing only Bax-mediated cell death inhibition encode a CCCH-type zinc finger protein containing an ankyrin-repeat domain and a probable calcium-binding protein, CML30-like. Taken together, we effectively isolated novel pepper clones that are involved in hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death using VIGS, and identified silenced clones that have different responses to Bax and INF1 exposure, indicating separate signaling pathways for Bax- and INF1-mediated cell death.     

基于电子鼻辅助的酸辣花蛤酱研制开发

以花蛤、糟辣椒为主要原料,选择感官评价为指标,通过正交试验研制开发一款酸辣花蛤酱,并采用电子鼻技术进行风味差异分析。结果表明:在基础配方上添加花蛤21%、杏鲍菇25%、糟辣椒4%和菜籽油18%为酸辣花蛤酱的最佳工艺配方。成品具有花蛤的鲜香味,颜色红润,酸辣可口,组织状态良好。采用电子鼻分析发现其挥发性成分包含氮氧类、甲基类、芳香类等化合物,各组的风味有差别,证明电子鼻技术能有效应用于酸辣花蛤酱特征风味的分析,辅助产品开发。     

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Chili Peppers (Capsicum spp.)

Capsicum species produce fruits that synthesize and accumulate carotenoid pigments, which are responsible for the fruits’ yellow, orange and red colors. Chili peppers have been used as an experimental model for studying the biochemical and molecular aspects of carotenoid biosynthesis. Most reports refer to the characterization of carotenoids and content determination in chili pepper fruits from different species, cultivars, varieties or genotypes. The types and levels of carotenoids differ between different chili pepper fruits, and they are also influenced by environmental conditions. Yellow-orange colors of chili pepper fruits are mainly due to the accumulation of α- and β-carotene, zeaxanthin, lutein and β-cryptoxanthin. Carotenoids such as capsanthin, capsorubin and capsanthin-5,6-epoxide confer the red colors. Chromoplasts are the sites of carotenoid pigment synthesis and storage. According to the most accepted theory, the synthesis of carotenoids in chili peppers is controlled by three loci: c1, c2 and y. Several enzymes participating in carotenoid biosynthesis in chili pepper fruits have been isolated and characterized, and the corresponding gene sequences have been reported. However, there is currently limited information on the molecular mechanisms that regulate this biosynthetic pathway. Approaches to gain more knowledge of the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis are discussed.     

The effect of osmosis pretreatment on hot‐air drying and microwave drying characteristics of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) flesh

Chili flesh pretreated with or without osmotic dehydration (OD) was dried in the hot‐air drying (AD) oven at 50–80 °C or in the microwave drying (MD) oven at 60–180 W. Results showed that the samples osmotically treated in mixed solution (10% salt + 50% sucrose) had the best dehydration effect as compared with single salt or sugar solutions. During the drying process, osmotically treated samples had one falling‐rate period and their effective moisture diffusivities (D_eff) showed a rapidly linear increase with the decrease in moisture content, while directly drying samples showed a three‐phase falling‐rate period and their D_eff increased gradually at the initial period and then rapidly at the final period. When the moisture content decreased, the activation energy increased gradually; however, for AD after OD, it decreased. Among all the processes, MD at 60 W after OD presented the largest vitamin C retention rate and the best colour difference, needing less drying time.     

朝鲜族辣白菜制作方法

介绍了以白菜为原料生产朝鲜辣白菜的主要工艺。     

发酵辣椒制品中乳酸菌的天然载体筛选及工艺配比研究

本实验利用从自然发酵的辣椒制品中提取分离的乳酸菌种进行实验,旨在筛选及配制最适乳酸菌种生长繁殖的天然载体,便于生产运用,解决实际生产中易发问题。结果表明:大米熬煮液为发酵辣椒制品中乳酸菌的最佳天然载体,且天然载体的最佳工艺配比为 pH 值6.5,培养温度37℃,加糖量为2%。     

海带辣椒酱的研制

以海带、辣椒等为主要原料制备辣椒酱,介绍了海带辣椒酱的加工技术及生产工艺的操作要点。在初步实验的基础上,固定水、味精和香辛料的用量,对辣椒、海带、蒜酱、黄原胶、变性淀粉、糖和食盐等因素进行正交试验。结果表明:最佳生产配方为盐10%,黄原胶0.7%,变性淀粉1%,蒜酱6%,海带5%,辣椒30%,糖2%。